卡他奈瑟氏菌通常存在于人类上呼吸道,是呼吸道感染、脑膜炎及败血症等病原之一。本文作者报告了他们10年内遇到的4例白血病患者并发卡他奈瑟菌败血症。这4例中,2例为慢性髓细胞白血病,1例为急性淋巴细胞白血病,1例为急性粒-单细胞白血病。发生败血症时都有发热及中性粒细胞减少。3例已接受抗白血病化疗。仅1例在败血症发生前作过中心静脉导管插入。2例胸片示有肺部浸润。1例痰液革兰氏染色见许多革兰氏阴性双球菌。4例都给予至少1种对卡他奈瑟菌有效的抗生素治疗,尽管白细胞 Neisseria catarrhalis, usually found in the human upper respiratory tract, is one of the causative agents of respiratory infections, meningitis and sepsis. The authors report that they encountered Neisserial septicemia in 4 leukemia patients within 10 years. Of the 4 cases, 2 were chronic myeloid leukemia, 1 was acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 was acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Septicemia occurs when fever and neutropenia. Three patients had received anti-leukemia chemotherapy. Only 1 patient had a central venous catheterization before sepsis. 2 cases of chest showed lung infiltration. Gram stain of a case of sputum seen in many Gram-negative bacteria. All 4 patients were given at least one effective antibiotic treatment of N. catarrhalis despite leukocytes