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目的探讨老年高血压患者不稳定性颈动脉斑块与腔隙性脑梗死、脑白质病变及认知功能障碍的关系。方法将78例老年高血压患者按照动脉斑块性质分为两组,稳定性斑块39例为稳定组,不稳定性斑块39例为不稳定组;另选取同期健康体检老年人40例为对照组。比较三组2型糖尿病、腔隙性脑梗死、脑白质病变和认知功能障碍的发生率。结果稳定组患者2型糖尿病、腔隙性脑梗死、脑白质病变和认知功能障碍的发生率分别为37.50%、82.50%、47.50%、37.50%,不稳定组患者分别为52.50%、75.00%、77.50%、52.50%,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压不稳定性颈动脉斑块患者腔隙性脑梗死、脑白质病变及认知功能障碍的发生率相对较高。
Objective To investigate the relationship between unstable carotid plaque and lacunar infarction, leukoencephalopathy and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods Seventy-eight elderly patients with hypertension were divided into two groups according to the nature of arterial plaque: 39 cases of stable plaque were stable group and 39 cases of unstable plaque were unstable group. Another 40 cases were selected as normal group Control group. The incidence of type 2 diabetes, lacunar infarction, leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment were compared between the three groups. Results The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, lacunar infarction, leukoencephalopathy and cognitive dysfunction in stable group were 37.50%, 82.50%, 47.50% and 37.50% respectively, and those in unstable group were 52.50% and 75.00% respectively , 77.50% and 52.50%, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of lacunar infarction, leukoencephalopathy and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with unstable carotid plaque is relatively high.