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目的了解呼和浩特市2009-2015年麻疹流行特征,为今后制定科学合理的预防控制麻疹策略和措施提供依据。方法对呼和浩特市2009-2015年麻疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果呼和浩特市近年来麻疹发病一直控制在较低水平,发病形式主要为散发。流动人口麻疹发病率高于本地人口,城区麻疹发病率(3.36/10万)高于农区(1.33/10万),且差异有统计学意义。发病高峰在4-6月份(占77.80%)。在518例确诊病例中,<8月龄和>20岁麻疹病例所占比例较大,占55.79%。在确诊病例中,有免疫史者仅占17.95%,无免疫史者占44.02%,免疫史不详者占38.03%。结论近几年该市麻疹发病年龄特征发生较大变化,<8月龄和>20岁麻疹发病增多。应提高2剂次麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)接种率和满8月龄婴儿MV及时接种率,同时加强流动人群和成人麻疹防控工作,应适时开展成人麻疹疫苗的强化免疫和查漏补种。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2009 to 2015 in Hohhot, and to provide evidence for the future development of a scientific and rational measles prevention and control strategy. Methods The epidemiological data of measles in 2009 and 2015 in Hohhot were described. Results The incidence of measles in Hohhot in recent years has been controlled at a low level, the incidence of the main form of distribution. The incidence of measles in floating population was higher than that of the local population. The incidence of measles in urban areas was 3.36 / 100,000 higher than that of rural areas (1.33 / 100000), and the difference was statistically significant. Peak incidence in April-June (77.80%). Among the 518 confirmed cases, measles cases aged <8 months and> 20 years accounted for a large proportion, accounting for 55.79%. Among the confirmed cases, only 17.95% had history of immunization, 44.02% had no history of immunization, and 38.03% had unknown history of immunization. Conclusion The incidence of measles in the city in recent years, the age characteristics of major changes occurred, <8 months of age and> 20-year-old measles increased incidence. The vaccination rate of live attenuated measles vaccine (MV) and timely vaccination rate of MV of 8-month-old infants should be increased. At the same time, efforts should be made to prevent and control measles in floating population and adults. Vaccination and leak detection of measles vaccine should be carried out timely Species.