There are many elaborate masterpieces exist in natural world. Learning from nature, people developed serial intelligent biomimetic devices. Biomimetic smart nanochannels received widespread attention for mimicking biological processes in bodies. Excellent stability, tailorable surface characteristics and nano-size effects rend polymer single nanochannel an ideal candidate for constructing sensitive and reproducible biosensors. Nanochannels are responsive for special analytes while appropriate recognition elements are modified in channels wall. In this review, we summarized recent works in contructing biosensors that are using polymer single nanochannels for detecting various analytes. Learning from nature, people developed serial intelligent biomimetic devices. Biomimetic smart nanochannels received widespread attention for mimicking biological processes in bodies. Excellent stability, tailorable surface characteristics and nano-size effects rend polymer single nanochannel an ideal candidate for constructing sensitive and reproducible biosensors. Nanochannels are responsive for special analytes while appropriate recognition elements are modified in channels wall. In this review, we ¾ve works in contructing biosensors that are using polymer single nanochannels for detecting various analytes.