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目的研究妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)和妊娠期糖耐量受损(GIGT)对孕产妇和新生儿的影响。方法在产科住院待产孕妇中收集已经诊断为GDM 105例及GIGT的孕产妇共145例,并选取同期待产的血糖正常孕妇234人作为对照,对这3组孕产妇妊娠结局进行监测。结果 3组比较,乙型肝炎病毒阳性(P=0.009)、剖宫产(P=0.000)、妊娠期高血压疾病(P=0.002)、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(P=0.004)、早产(P=0.027)、足月小样儿(P=0.011)、新生儿低血糖(P=0.007)、新生儿肺炎(P=0.001)和新生儿转科(P=0.000)的发生率差异均有统计学意义;GDM组与正常组比较,乙型肝炎病毒阳性(P=0.041)、剖宫产(P=0.000)、妊娠期高血压疾病(P=0.001)、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(P=0.009)、早产(P=0.012)、足月小样儿(0.019)、新生儿低血糖(P=0.030)、新生儿肺炎(P=0.000)和新生儿转科(P=0.000)发生率差异均有统计学意义;GIGT组与正常组比较,乙型肝炎病毒阳性(P=0.041)、剖宫产(P=0.000)、妊娠期高血压疾病(P=0.021)、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(P=0.021)、早产(P=0.048)、新生儿低血糖(P=0.021)、新生儿肺炎(P=0.004)和新生儿转科(P=0.000)发生率差异均有统计学意义。结论 GDM和GIGT均会引起不良妊娠结局,应加强对妊娠期糖代谢异常的筛查,重视对妊娠期糖代谢异常的管理和规范化治疗,以改善妊娠结局。
Objective To investigate the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) on pregnant women and newborns. Methods A total of 145 maternal pregnancies diagnosed as GDM and 105 GGTs were enrolled in obstetric hospitalized pregnant women, and 234 pregnant women with normal blood glucose in the same period were selected as controls to monitor the pregnancy outcomes of the three groups of pregnant women. Results Among the three groups, the positive rates of hepatitis B virus (P = 0.009), cesarean section (P = 0.000), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (P = 0.002), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (P = 0.004) (P = .027), neonatal pneumonia (P = .001), neonatal hypothyroidism (P = .027) (P = 0.041), cesarean section (P = 0.000), pregnancy-induced hypertension (P = 0.001), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (P = (P = 0.009), preterm birth (P = 0.012), full-term baby (0.019), neonatal hypoglycemia (P = 0.030), neonatal pneumonia (P = 0.000) (P = 0.041), cesarean section (P = 0.000), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (P = 0.021), intrahepatic bile in pregnancy There were significant differences in the incidence of silicosis (P = 0.021), preterm birth (P = 0.048), neonatal hypoglycemia (P = 0.021), neonatal pneumonia (P = 0.004) significance. Conclusions Both GDM and GIGT can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Screening for abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy should be strengthened. Management and standardization of abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy should be emphasized to improve pregnancy outcomes.