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目的了解北京市顺义区涉苯企业个体防护装备(personal protective equipment,PPE)使用与管理过程中存在的问题,为促进企业PPE管理和改善提供建议。方法采取分层随机抽样方法,对抽取的54家涉苯企业及其1 096名劳动者进行问卷调查,所得数据采用χ2检验进行分析。结果企业配备的PPE合格率为44.4%,61.1%的企业对工人佩戴PPE进行了监督检查,大型企业高于小型企业(P<0.05);劳动者PPE使用和维护培训率为81.9%,家具制造业劳动者培训率最低(P<0.01);劳动者PPE配发率为98.4%,小型企业、印刷企业、该地户籍劳动者最低(P<0.01);PPE经常使用率为79.9%,外地户籍工高于该地户籍工,并随工龄增加而降低(P<0.01)。结论该区涉苯企业PPE管理水平低,PPE得不到有效使用,有关部门应重点督促小型、私有、印刷、家具制造等企业落实主体责任,加强PPE采购与使用管理,切实维护劳动者职业健康权益。
Objective To understand the problems in the use and management of personal protective equipment (PPE) involved in benzene enterprises in Shunyi District, Beijing, and to provide suggestions for promoting the management and improvement of PPE in enterprises. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to survey 54 extracted benzene enterprises and 1,046 laborers. The data was analyzed by χ2 test. Results The qualified rate of PPE in enterprises was 44.4%, 61.1% of enterprises supervised and inspected the workers wearing PPE, and the large enterprises were higher than those of small enterprises (P <0.05). The training rate of PPE use and maintenance was 81.9% The training rate of laborers was the lowest (P <0.01); the distribution rate of laborers PPE was 98.4%, and that of laborers in small-scale and printing labs was the lowest (P <0.01); PPE regular use rate was 79.9% Workers were higher than those in the area, and decreased with increasing seniority (P <0.01). Conclusion The management of PPEs in this area is low and the PPE can not be effectively used. Relevant departments should supervise and urge enterprises such as small-scale, private-owned, printing and furniture manufacturers to fulfill their main responsibilities, strengthen PPE purchasing and usage management and earnestly safeguard their occupational health rights and interests.