大数命名是数学名词术语统一工作的一部分,也与度量衡统一工作有关。自先秦至清代,中国大数命名并无统一标准。民国时期,大数命名问题引起学界和政府的关注,并争议不断。学界多位学者和教育部、实业部等政府部门均参与其中。争议的焦点是在“兆”以上采用三位分节的千进制,还是采用四位分节的万进制。这作为民国时期中西文化碰撞与冲突一个缩影,反映了中国在现代化进程中处理本国文化习惯与国际文化习惯关系问题的不同思考。 Nomenclature of large numbers is a part of the work of unifying terms of mathematics and nomenclature, and also related to the work of measuring and balance. Since the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there was no uniform standard for the Chinese big names. During the period of Republic of China, the issue of the naming of large numbers aroused the attention of the academic circle and the government, and the controversies continued. Many academics and ministries of education, industry and other government departments are involved. The focus of the controversy is on the “trillion” above the three-part system of the decimal, or the use of four-part system of the hexadecimal. As a microcosm of the collision and conflict between Chinese and Western cultures during the Republic of China, this reflects the different thinking of China in handling the relations between its own cultural habits and international cultural customs in the process of modernization.