在过去的20 a余里,随着诊疗技术的提高,短期肾移植存活率持续上升,急性排斥反应发生越来越少。在美国,肾移植急排发生率已经下降至20%,甚至在一些肾移植中心已经下降到10%[1]。无论是活体供肾还是尸体供肾,移植肾1 a生存率均超过90%[2]。尽管如此,在过去十年里,移植肾长期存活 In the past 20 years, with the improvement of medical technology, the survival rate of short-term renal transplantation continued to rise, fewer and fewer acute rejection occurred. In the United States, the incidence of acute kidney transplant surgeries has dropped to 20%, even to some 10% in kidney transplant centers [1]. Whether living donors or cadaver kidneys, 1-year survival rate of renal transplant recipients are more than 90% [2]. However, transplant kidneys have survived for a long time in the past decade