一、引言过去的10年中麻风由于种种原因而吸引免疫学家的重视,其中包括(1)临床表现的多样性;(2)在麻风的慢性病程中可能穿插急性恶化过程,特点类似超敏反应;(3)尚无发现高度危险人群以及免疫预防的方法。研究发现,大部分麻风接触者通过有效的免疫反应在亚临床水平即制止麻风菌的繁殖,只有一小部分接触者发病。后者临床症状的特征取决于宿主对麻风菌的免疫反应。位于中间水平的带菌者,如结核样型及界线类患者,细胞免疫(CMI)反应是主要的发病机制;大量带菌的瘤型患者对麻风菌抗原的CMI反应被抑制,常有Arthus样反应的急 I. INTRODUCTION Leprosy has drawn the attention of immunologists over the past decade for several reasons, including (1) the diversity of clinical manifestations; (2) the acute worsening process that may be interspersed during the chronic course of leprosy, with features similar to hypersensitivity Reaction; (3) There is no method to find people at high risk and immune prevention. The study found that most leprosy contacts stopped the propagation of leprosy at a subclinical level through effective immune responses, with only a small percentage of contacts having the disease. The latter is characterized clinically by the host’s immune response to leprosy. At the intermediate level of carriers, such as tuberculosis-type and borderline patients, the cellular immune response (CMI) is the main pathogenesis; a large number of carriers of tumor-bearing patients with leprosy antigen CMI response was inhibited, often Arthus-like reaction anxious