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漳河发源于山西省,有清漳、浊漳二源,穿太行山流经豫北彰德府、直隶地区,达天津入海。明清时期,漳河水灾频发,河道迁徙靡常,而卫河漕运之水较弱,由此明清两代朝臣屡次提出“引漳入卫”的减灾措施。由于漳河不定,河防修筑屡废,且不属于国家主干河流修防之列,因此清代后期地方上出现了“不治而治”的无为言论。本文将通过展现明清时期漳河水灾的发生范围和迁徙特点,论述“引漳入卫”与“不治而治”的实施情况。
Originated in Shanxi Province, Zhanghe has Qingzhang and Zouzhang two sources, and runs through the Taihang Mountains flowing through the Changde Prefecture and Zhili areas in the north of Henan Province and reaches Tianjin into the sea. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, floods in the Zhang River were frequent and the migration of the river courses was extremely common. However, the Wei River water transportation was weak. Therefore, the courtiers of the Ming and Qing dynasties repeatedly proposed disaster reduction measures that “lead Zhang into the Wei”. Due to the indefinite nature of the Zhanghe River and repeated construction of the river defense and buildings, which are not included in the national defense and repair of the main rivers, there appeared “inaction” in the late Qing Dynasty. In this paper, we will discuss the implementation of the “guiding Zhang into the Wei” and “the dead” in the Ming and Qing Dynasties by demonstrating the occurrence and migration characteristics of the Zhanghe flood.