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利用紫色土长期施肥试验平台,采用静态箱-气相色谱法开展紫色土“冬小麦-夏玉米”轮作系统N_2O和NO_x排放的连续两周年(2014年11月~2016年9月)定位观测.研究了氮肥总量相同条件下的常规氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、猪厩肥(OM)、秸秆还田配施氮磷钾化肥(RSDNPK)、猪厩肥配施氮磷钾化肥(OMNPK)和氮磷钾化肥配合硝化抑制剂(DCDNPK)等施肥方式对N_2O和NO_x排放的影响,短期不施肥处理(CK)作为排放系数计算的对照.结果表明,所有施肥方式下紫色土N_2O排放峰均出现在施肥初期和大降雨过程期;NO_x排放过程与N_2O类似,排放峰出现在施肥初期,但强降雨期未出现明显排放峰.NPK、OM、RSDNPK、OMNPK和DCDNPK处理的N_2O年均累积排放量分别为:1.35、4.38、1.43、2.46、0.92 kg·hm~(-2),排放系数分别为:0.33%、1.41%、0.36%、0.73%、0.18%;相应处理的NO_x年均累积排放量分别为:0.11、0.38、0.10、0.27、0.04kg·hm~(-2),排放系数分别为:0.03%、0.13%、0.03%、0.09%、0.01%.较常规化肥,增加有机物料如施用猪厩肥和猪厩肥配施氮磷钾肥分别显著增加226%和83%的N_2O排放(P<0.01),同时NO_x排放分别显著增加262%和157%(P<0.01);常规化肥配合硝化抑制剂(DCDNPK)使用减少32%的N_2O排放和62%的NO_x排放(P<0.01),秸秆还田配施氮磷钾肥对N_2O排放略有增加(P>0.05),NO_x排放略有减少(P>0.05).统计分析进一步表明,土壤无机氮含量是N_2O和NO_x二者排放的主控因子,而土壤孔隙充水率与温度分别作为N_2O与NO_x各自排放的主控因子之一.
The long-term fertilization experiment platform of purple soil was used to carry out the positioning observation for the second consecutive year (November 2014 to September 2016) of the emission of N 2 O and NO_x in purple soil, “winter wheat-summer maize” rotation system using static box-gas chromatography. NPK, OM, RSDNPK, OMNPK and OMNPK were applied to study the effect of N, P, K fertilizers on N, P, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer with Nitrification Inhibitor (DCDNPK) on N_2O and NO_x emissions and short-term non-fertilization (CK) as emission factor were calculated.The results showed that the peak of N_2O emission in purple soil was In the early stage of fertilization and in the process of heavy rainfall, the emission process of NO_x was similar to that of N_2O, and the emission peak appeared in the early stage of fertilization, but no significant emission peak was observed in the period of heavy rainfall.The annual average cumulative emissions of N_2O in NPK, OM, RSDNPK, OMNPK and DCDNPK The emission coefficients were 0.33%, 1.41%, 0.36%, 0.73% and 0.18% respectively. The average cumulative emissions of NO_x for the corresponding treatment were respectively 1.35, 3.38, 1.43, 2.46 and 0.92 kg · hm -2 : 0.11,0.38,0.10,0.27,0.04kg · hm -2, discharge system Compared with conventional fertilizers and organic materials such as pig manure and pig manure, the N, P and K fertilizers significantly increased N2O emissions by 226% and 83%, respectively, compared with the conventional fertilizers (0.03%, 0.13%, 0.03%, 0.09% and 0.01% (P <0.01), while NO_x emissions increased significantly by 262% and 157%, respectively (P <0.01). Compared with conventional fertilization and nitrification inhibitor (DCDNPK), the N_2O emission and the 62% N 2 O and K 2 PO 4 increased slightly (P> 0.05) and slightly decreased NO_x emissions (P> 0.05) .Statistical analysis further showed that soil inorganic N content was the main control of both N 2 O and NO_x emissions Factor, while the soil pore water filling rate and temperature were respectively one of the main controlling factors for the emission of N 2 O and NO x.