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目的探讨诸暨市3岁以下儿童贫血现状及相关影响因素,为提高3岁以下儿童保健水平提供参考。方法本次研究通过多阶段分层随机抽样法完筛选出1200例3岁以下儿童,并对其家属进行问卷调查,同时对儿童进行血红蛋白检测。结果经调查发现,3岁以下儿童贫血发病者为144例,占12.0%;且6~11个月儿童为发病高峰期,之后随着年龄增加而患病率下降。经单因素分析发现,看护人、体重低下、过去2周内腹泻、生长迟缓、6个月龄内喂养方式、母亲贫血、辅食添加种类及辅食添加方式与3岁以下儿童贫血发病有关。经多因素发现,体重低下(OR=1.579)、母亲贫血(OR=2.215)、过去2周内腹泻(OR=2.147)、6个月内混合喂养(OR=2.179)及人工喂养方式(OR=5.279)为儿童贫血高危因素;而添加普通牛奶(OR=0.719)及添加铁米粉(OR=0.602)为儿童贫血保护因素。结论本市3岁以下儿童贫血患病率较高,需加强对儿童的保健管理,同时开展多形式健康教育,积极防治儿童疾病。
Objective To explore the status of anemia in children under 3 years old in Zhuji City and related influencing factors, and to provide reference for improving the health care of children under 3 years old. Methods In this study, 1,200 children under 3 years of age were screened by multi-stage stratified random sampling, and their families were surveyed. At the same time, hemoglobin was detected in children. Results The survey found that children under 3 years of age, anemia incidence of 144 cases, accounting for 12.0%; and 6 to 11 months of the onset of the peak, then as the age decreased prevalence. Univariate analysis showed that caregivers, low birth weight, diarrhea, growth retardation, feeding pattern within 6 months, mother’s anemia, supplementary food supplement and complementary food supplement were related to the incidence of anemia in children under 3 years of age. Multivariate analysis showed that the body weight was low (OR = 1.579), maternal anemia (OR = 2.215), diarrhea in the past 2 weeks (OR = 2.147), mixed feeding within 6 months (OR = 2.179) and artificial feeding 5.279) were the risk factors of childhood anemia. However, adding normal milk (OR = 0.719) and adding fermented rice flour (OR = 0.602) were the protective factors for childhood anemia. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in children under 3 years of age in this Municipality is relatively high. Health care management of children needs to be strengthened. At the same time, various forms of health education should be carried out to prevent and treat children’s diseases.