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利用1962—2014年贵州39个代表站的冬季(12月至次年2月)温度资料和北半球500 hPa高度场及全球海温资料,通过合成分析、相关分析和小波分析等方法,对贵州冬季气温的时空特征及其与北半球500 hPa高度场、全球海温场的关系进行了研究。结果表明,近53年来,贵州冬季平均气温约为6.3℃,整体呈升温趋势,在贵州省东北部和西南部边缘最为显著;贵州冬季气温以准7年和准12年的振荡周期为主;贵州冬季气温突变于1988年,突变前贵州冷冬明显,突变后暖冬明显。异常暖冬年,格陵兰、北美和中太平洋地区的500 hPa高度场呈正距平,其余地区均为负距平,欧亚大陆的位势高度距平呈现为经向的“正-负-正”分布;异常冷冬年,在中西伯利亚地区、西欧-北大西洋和北美高度场表现为明显的正距平,其余地区均为负距平,在东半球,位势高度距平从西到东、从北到南都表现出“负-正-负”的分布形势。贵州冬季气温与前期秋季东北太平洋、赤道东太平洋和东印度洋区域的海温有显著的相关关系。异常暖冬年前期秋季,北太平洋(尤其是西北太平洋)和中印度洋(最显著)的海温距平异常显著;异常冷冬年前期秋季,北半球中东太平洋(最显著)和中印度洋的海温距平异常显著。同时,异常冷暖冬年的海温距平差值中心集中在东北太平洋和南半球中印度洋海域。
Based on the winter (December to February) temperature data of 39 representative stations in Guizhou from 1962 to 2014, the 500 hPa geopotential height field and the global SST data in the northern hemisphere, by means of synthetic analysis, correlation analysis and wavelet analysis, The temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature and its relationship with the 500 hPa geopotential height field in the northern hemisphere and the global SST field are studied. The results show that in the recent 53 years, the average winter temperature in Guizhou is about 6.3 ℃, showing an overall warming trend, most notably in the northeastern and southwestern parts of Guizhou Province. The winter temperatures in Guizhou are dominated by quasi-seven-year and quasi-12-year oscillating cycles. Guizhou winter temperature suddenly changed in 1988, Guizhou cold winter before the mutation was obvious, warm winter obvious mutation. During the warm winter, the geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa in Greenland, North America and the Central Pacific were positive anomalies, and the rest of the anomalies were negative anomalies. The geopotential anomalies in Eurasia presented a warped “positive-negative-positive” In the winter, the anomalous cold winters showed positive anomalies in the Central Siberia, Western Europe-North Atlantic and North American altitudes, and negative anomalies in the rest of the area. In the eastern hemisphere, the anomalous geopotential height was from west to east, From north to south have shown “negative - positive - negative ” distribution situation. There was a significant correlation between the winter temperatures in Guizhou and the SST in the northeast Pacific, Equatorial Eastern Pacific and East Indian Ocean in the previous autumn. Abnormally warm SST anomalies are evident in the pre-winter seasons of the North Pacific (especially the Northwest Pacific) and the Mid-Indian Ocean (most significant); anomalous cold In the pre-autumn fall of the Northern Hemisphere, the SSTA in the northern and eastern Central Pacific (most significant) and the Mid-Indian Ocean Flat exceptionally significant. At the same time, the SSTA values of the anomalous winter are concentrated in the northeastern Pacific and the southern Indian Ocean.