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一、《研究液体的压强和深度的关系》这个实验是根据装有砂子而竖直浮在液体中的平底玻璃管所受的重力和水对它向上的压力相平衡的原理,测出水对管底的压力,量出管的直径,计算出管底所受到的水的压强,再量出此时管底在水面以下的深度。通过重复实验,可以得出液体、压强与深度成正比的结论。这是一组学生实验,但根据课本要求由学生独立完成往往比较困难。主要原因在于:要使平底玻璃管竖直浮在水中,必须在管中装入较多的砂子,这样一来,玻璃管很容易沉底进水。即使不进水,由于水面上露出的部分太少,再重复做第二次、第三次实验就不可能了。
I. “Research on the relationship between pressure and depth of liquids” This experiment is based on the principle that the gravity of the flat glass tube with sand and vertical floating in the liquid is balanced by the upward pressure of water, and the water is measured. The pressure at the bottom of the tube measures the diameter of the tube, calculates the pressure of the water at the bottom of the tube, and then measures the depth of the bottom of the tube below the water surface. By repeating experiments, it can be concluded that the liquid, pressure, and depth are proportional to each other. This is a group of student experiments, but it is often difficult for students to complete them independently according to textbook requirements. The main reason is that: To make the flat glass tube float vertically in the water, more sand must be put in the tube, so that the glass tube can easily sink into the water. Even if you do not enter the water, because the surface exposed on the water surface is too small, it is impossible to repeat the second and third experiments.