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新生代以来,印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞和持续的汇聚在青藏高原西北部的帕米尔地区造成了强烈的陆内变形,形成一系列典型的构造地貌。文章在卫片解译、DEM数据处理的基础上,结合野外地质、地貌观察与测量,对帕米尔东北缘的构造地貌与活动构造特征进行了研究,取得以下认识:1)在英吉沙地区,通过测量地貌变形面计算出英吉沙背斜隆起高度约为230m,并利用面积平衡法估算出英吉沙背斜的最小构造缩短量约为110m,参考前人的年代学数据计算出英吉沙背斜在中更新世以来的最低隆升速率约为0.23mm/a,最小构造缩短速率约为0.11mm/a;2)在帕米尔前缘,乌泊尔断裂为一条伴随右旋走滑分量的逆冲断裂,该断裂的右旋走滑作用错断了古近纪地层及流过断裂的河流,通过测量单次地震造成的水系错断量并参考前人研究的该地区大震复发周期约为1000年,估算出该断裂的平均走滑速率为4.0～6.8mm/a,并推测断裂开始活动的时间大约在2.2～3.0Ma以前;3)对喀什地区构造地貌特征的观察与研究表明,明尧勒-喀什背斜和阿图什-踏浪河背斜可能分别为帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山山前冲断带和西南天山山前冲断带的前缘,该地区以西,帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山和西南天山两大构造系统已经发生了碰撞和拼贴。
Since the Cenozoic, the collision and continuous convergence of the Indian plate with Eurasia caused strong intracontinental deformation in the Pamir region in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau, forming a series of typical tectonic landforms. Based on the analysis of satellite image interpretation and DEM data processing, combined with the field geology and geomorphology observation and measurement, the paper studies the tectonic features and tectonic features of the northeastern Pamir Mountains and obtains the following findings: 1) In Yingjisha region, The height of the Yingjisha anticline is estimated to be about 230m by measuring the deformation surface of the Yingjisha and the minimum structural shortening of the Yingjisha anticline is estimated by the area balance method to be 110m. Based on the previous chronological data, The lowest uplift rate since the middle Pleistocene was about 0.23 mm / a and the minimum rate of structural shortening was about 0.11 mm / a. 2) In the Pamir front, the fault of the U- The fault dextral strike-slip function breaks the Paleogene strata and the river flowing through the fault. By measuring the water system fault caused by a single earthquake and referring to the previous study, the recurrence cycle of the large earthquakes in this area is about 1000, it is estimated that the average strike-slip rate of the fault is 4.0 ~ 6.8mm / a, and it is presumed that the time of initiation of fault movement is about 2.2 ~ 3.0Ma. 3) The observation and study on the tectonic and geomorphological features of Kashi area show that Ming Yao Le - Kashi anticline and Ah The Talanghe anticline may be respectively the front of the western Kunlun Mountains and the front of the southwestern Tianshan piedmont thrust belt in the northeast Pamir. The west Kunlun Mountains in the west, the western Kunlun Mountains in the northeast Pamir and the southwestern Tianshan Tectonics have collided and collapsed.