论文部分内容阅读
目的初步评估量化分级管理对电镀企业工作场所职业病危害程度的影响。方法在量化分级管理前后对40家电镀企业进行工作场所职业病危害检测,根据国家现有的检测标准、职业接触限值和场所存在危害的情况确定检测项目,包括硫酸、盐酸、氰化物、二氧化氮、氢氧化钠、三氯乙烯、氯化锌、可溶性镍、铬酸盐、粉尘、噪声、及综合温度热指数。结果量化分级后硫酸(P=0.013)、二氧化氮(P=0.001)、三氯乙烯(P=0.047)、氯化锌(P=0.012)的浓度较量化分级前差异有统计学意义,其他检测项目浓度值在量化分级前后差异无统计学差异(均有P>0.05)。三氯乙烯的检测合格率在量化分级前后差异有统计学意义(P=0.047),其他项目的检测合格率在量化分级前后差异无统计学差异(均有P>0.05)。结论实施量化分级管理可降低电镀企业工作场所职业病危害因素的浓度,尤其是对用量大和挥发性高的化学品影响较明显。
Objective To evaluate the impact of quantitative management on the degree of occupational hazards in the workplace of electroplating enterprises. Methods Before and after the quantitative management, occupational hazards in the workplace were detected in 40 electroplating enterprises. According to the existing national testing standards, occupational exposure limits and the hazardous places, the testing items were determined, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, cyanide, Nitrogen, Sodium Hydroxide, Trichlorethylene, Zinc Chloride, Soluble Nickel, Chromate, Dust, Noise, and Integrated Temperature Heat Index. Results After quantification, the concentrations of sulfuric acid (P = 0.013), nitrogen dioxide (P = 0.001), trichlorethylene (P = 0.047) and zinc chloride (P = 0.012) were significantly lower than those before quantification There was no significant difference in the concentration of test items before and after quantification (all P> 0.05). The qualified rate of trichlorethylene was statistically different before and after the quantitative grading (P = 0.047). There was no significant difference in the passing rate of other items before and after the quantitative grading (all P> 0.05). Conclusion The implementation of quantitative and hierarchical management can reduce the concentration of occupational hazards in the workplace of electroplating enterprises, especially for chemicals with high dosage and high volatility.