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为了解海南省中东部地区野生辣椒资源的种类及其分布状况,本文选择了其所属的文昌、琼海、万宁、陵水、三亚、保亭、五指山、琼中和屯昌等9个市(县)16个乡(镇)中的63个村进行了调查、研究。研究结果表明:①海南中东部野生辣椒资源品种丰富。参照中国植物志分类标准,将该区生长的野生朝天椒和野生小米椒分为9个品种;②品种分布广。9个品种分布在16个乡(镇)的58个村,占调查村庄总数的92.1%;③野生朝天椒和野生小米椒生长适应能力强。从滨海沙土到山区的各种红壤,从东部海拔2m到中部海拔339m的各地区,都有其分布;(4)生长环境脆弱,分布品种单一。仅品种5在9个市(县)都有分布,而品种9只在保亭的1个村子里发现1株;在三亚和五指山分布有6个品种,陵水有5个品种,琼海和屯昌仅分布1个品种。在少数民族聚居地,种质资源保存完整,9个品种都有保存,而汉族聚居地则只发现有5个品种。文章分析了海南中东部野生辣椒资源的分布特点,并提出合理开发利用和保护野生辣椒资源的几点建议。
In order to understand the species and distribution of wild pepper resources in the eastern and central regions of Hainan Province, this paper selected nine cities (Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanning, Lingshui, Sanya, Baoting, Wuzhishan, Qiongzhong and Tunchang) (Counties) 16 townships (towns) in 63 villages were investigated and studied. The results show that: ①The species of wild pepper in central and eastern Hainan are abundant. According to the classification standard of Chinese flora, wild Asparagus and wild Xiaomi peppers growing in this area were divided into 9 varieties; ② The varieties were widely distributed. 9 varieties distributed in 16 villages (towns) of 58 villages, accounting for 92.1% of the total number of villages surveyed; ③ Wild Aster and wild pepper growth adaptability. The red soil from coastal sandy soil to mountainous area has its distribution in every area ranging from 2m above sea level to 339m above sea level in central China. (4) The growth environment is fragile with a single species distribution. Only 5 breeds were distributed in 9 cities (counties), while 9 cultivars were found in 1 village in Baoting. There were 6 breeds in Sanya and Wuzhishan, 5 breeds in Lingshui, Tunchang only distributed a species. Inhabited by ethnic minorities, the germplasm resources are well preserved and all nine varieties are preserved, while only five varieties are found inhabited by the Han nationality. This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of wild pepper resources in the middle and eastern part of Hainan and puts forward some suggestions on how to develop and utilize the wild pepper resources rationally.