目的了解老挝南塔省芒新县蚊虫种类构成情况,为当地制定重要蚊虫传染病防控措施提供依据。方法于2015年9-12月,采用诱蚊灯通宵捕蚊法在畜圈采集成蚊,幼虫捕捞法采集树洞、竹筒和石穴的4龄幼虫,并通过形态鉴定蚊虫种类。结果共采集蚊类11属44种21 781只,成蚊以三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为优势蚊种,分别占捕获成蚊总数的54.39%和39.28%;4龄蚊幼虫以黄色阿蚊和斑翅库蚊数量较多,分别占捕获蚊幼虫总数的43.42%和18.86%。结论老挝南塔省芒新县蚊种丰富,三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为当地成蚊优势种,提示当地卫生部门应加强流行性蚊虫传染病传播媒介的监测。 Objective To understand the species composition of mosquitoes in Mnsin County, Nanta, Laos, and to provide basis for the local prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods During the period from September to December 2015, mosquito lamps were used to catch adult mosquitoes in the pens at night. The 4th instar larvae of tree trunks, bamboo and stone cavities were harvested by larvae. The mosquitoes were identified by morphological characteristics. Results A total of 21 781 mosquitoes belonging to 11 genera and 44 species were collected. Mosquitoes were dominant mosquito species of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis, accounting for 54.39% and 39.28% of the total mosquitoes captured respectively. Mosquitoes and Culex quinquefasciatus were abundant, accounting for 43.42% and 18.86% of the total number of captured mosquito larvae respectively. Conclusion The mosquito species are abundant in Muxin County, Nanta County, Laos. Trialerax notoginsensis and Anopheles sinensis are the dominant mosquitoes of the local mosquitoes, suggesting that the local health department should strengthen the surveillance of the epidemic mosquito epidemic vectors.