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词汇是语言学习的基础。所以如果学生没有一定的词汇基础,对他们的听、说、读、写能力的培养就无从谈起。在一定程度上,词汇量决定着学生英语水平的高低。词汇量不足也成为高中生在英语学习过程中遇到的“拦路虎”,常导致他们停滞不前,甚至因此而放弃学习英语。由此可见,词汇学习十分重要。对于高三学生而言,如何扩大词汇量,如何进行高中英语课堂词汇有效复习?本文结合课例,就如何让高三学生在有限的课堂时间内进行有效的词汇复习,谈谈自己的看法。
一般情况下,高三的英语复习是通过三轮来完成的。一轮复习是最全面、最基础的复习,二轮是语法专项复习,最后一轮是应试复习。而词汇复习是放在第一轮复习里作为重要内容来进行的。首先应认真研究考纲及考试说明,把大纲所要考查的重点词汇、短语及语法知识落实到教材中,在教材的语境中加深对这些重点、难点和考点的理解和记忆。其次,要对单元话题进行回顾和反思,并在此基础上进行讨论和拓展,加强学生的文化背景和知识储备,为将来的书面表达服务。接下来的这一堂课就是一轮词汇复习课的一个缩影,内容是人教版选修6Unit1 Art词汇复习。
1. 词汇复习必须融入教材语境,不可脱离教材
根据《课程标准》,《考试大纲》及《浙江省普通高考考试说明》,本单元要求的词汇及短语有abstract, aim, evident, possess/possession, adopt, appeal, attempt, preference和a great deal of, on the one hand…on the other hand等等。针对这些词汇和短语,本人在本课的导入环节就提出与课本话题相关的问题,如,How many periods of the paintings in the text? What are they? 学生在回答这些问题时,也在回忆单元内容。继续提问,并在问题中涉及重点词汇,帮助学生回忆单元的部分词汇。如,What are the styles in each period? 然后通过填空的形式,给出关于每一时期的风格的语篇,如:
The Middle ages:The main _____ of the painters was to represent religious themes. A _____ picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of _____ and _____ for God. But it was _____ that ideas were changing;
The Renaissance: People began to _____less ___ religious themes and ______ a more humanistic attitude to life. And at this time rich people wanted to ______ their own paintings. There were two important discoveries during this period: perspective and oil paints;
Impressionism: During this period, Europe changed ______. Naturally, these changes also _____ new painting styles. Among the painters who ________ the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists. They are eager to show how light and _______ fell on objects;
Modern Art: ______ some modern art is ______; that is, the painter doesn’t _____ to paint objects as we see them with our eye. _______, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.
使学生感受aim, evident, possess, adopt, abstract,attempt,a great deal及on the one hand…on the other hand等词在具体的语境中的用法。Scott T (2003)指出:词语的呈现需要在典型的语篇中进行,这样才能有利于学习者理解词语的含义、搭配和句法分布位置等。高考《考试大纲》也明确要求“在词汇学习上,应注意在特定的,现实的语境中接受、掌握词汇,并重点注意常用词的实际运用。”所以,作为教师要强化学生的语境意识,通过语境体会词义,使他们认识到词义的多层次性。在这个环节中,本人专门设计问题,引导学生使用重要词汇解决实际问题,使他们体会在真实语境中这些词汇的用法,并且这些语境是与课文内容息息相关的,让学生感受到教材和课本内容在复习中的重要地位。
2. 结合高考例题,帮助学生准确理解,提高学生答题信心,激起词汇复习的热情
在下一个环节中,我要求学生了解一些中国艺术。如paper cut 及burning paintings.在paper cut这一环节中,先给出语篇
Paper-cut, whose designs usually focused on animals and human life, is considered as one of the signs of Chinese folk art. At the beginning, it was used mainly for religious reasons with the purpose of driving off evils while at present people use it to decorate their houses and their wealth esp. during festivals. However, as paper cut can’t attract young people, it is in danger of dying out in the future. As a result, many famous people are trying to persuade the public to protect it, holding the belief, “if we did not protect this valuable form of art, it would be a huge disaster for the whole nation”. Luckily, more and more people have been persuaded of its value and joined in the campaign. 让学生运用本单元的重点词汇和短语替换语篇中的划线词。并重点讲解了appeal to这个短语。在具体的语境中让学生自己体会和理解该词的用法,
①. Bob launched an urgent appeal for the famine victims(饥民).
②. The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.
③. The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.
④. He appealed against the judge’s decision.
然后再给出与该词有关的高考题或高考模拟题。
①. (2010安徽)--How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
--To be honest, his singing didn’t ____ to me much.
A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur
②. (2009浙江) The good thing about children is that they____ very easily to new environments.
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply
③. (2010·长春调研)The Harry Potter books ______ to readers of all ages.
A.attract B.pay attention C.appeal D.attach
使学生真正体会高考题并正确完成这些题目。在burning paintings这一环节,通过改错的形式让学生了解火笔画, 更进一步了解词汇的正确用法,避免发生错误。
3. 通过任务型教学,提高学生的综合运用词汇的能力
在本堂课的高潮环节,我要求学生通过给相关短语配上英文翻译的教学活动,回顾本单元的重点单词和词汇。紧接下来,再给出几个中文句子,要求学生翻译。最后,给出一段中文语篇关于“Amber Room”的介绍作为作业。
“琥珀屋是一件非常有代表性的著名的艺术品,甚至被认为是世界的一大奇迹,所以吸引了许多人。建造琥珀屋的主要目的是为腓特烈一世(Frederick I)的宫殿而设计的。然而它的下一任主人腓特烈.威廉一世(Frederick William I)却不想拥有它了。因此,在1716年,他把琥珀屋送给了彼得大帝(Peter the Great)。在1941年俄德两国交战时期,纳粹分子(Nazis)偷偷地运走琥珀屋。据说,从那以后,谁也不能预测琥珀屋到底被谁拥有。很明显它已经失踪了。如今,建筑师采纳了它的图片,建造了新的琥珀屋。”
总之,“得词汇者得天下”, 学好英语的关键就在于获得丰富的词汇量。然而“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”, 扩大词汇量非一日之功,如何激发和保持学生学习词汇的热情,如何保持高三词汇复习的有效性是值得我们英语教师探讨和研究的。只要我们努力发挥自己的聪明睿智, 必能使我们的词汇教学和学生的词汇学习充满灵性和灵感。只要我们能用新理念去开拓词汇学习的新方法,我们就一定能解决好词汇教学这个问题!
一般情况下,高三的英语复习是通过三轮来完成的。一轮复习是最全面、最基础的复习,二轮是语法专项复习,最后一轮是应试复习。而词汇复习是放在第一轮复习里作为重要内容来进行的。首先应认真研究考纲及考试说明,把大纲所要考查的重点词汇、短语及语法知识落实到教材中,在教材的语境中加深对这些重点、难点和考点的理解和记忆。其次,要对单元话题进行回顾和反思,并在此基础上进行讨论和拓展,加强学生的文化背景和知识储备,为将来的书面表达服务。接下来的这一堂课就是一轮词汇复习课的一个缩影,内容是人教版选修6Unit1 Art词汇复习。
1. 词汇复习必须融入教材语境,不可脱离教材
根据《课程标准》,《考试大纲》及《浙江省普通高考考试说明》,本单元要求的词汇及短语有abstract, aim, evident, possess/possession, adopt, appeal, attempt, preference和a great deal of, on the one hand…on the other hand等等。针对这些词汇和短语,本人在本课的导入环节就提出与课本话题相关的问题,如,How many periods of the paintings in the text? What are they? 学生在回答这些问题时,也在回忆单元内容。继续提问,并在问题中涉及重点词汇,帮助学生回忆单元的部分词汇。如,What are the styles in each period? 然后通过填空的形式,给出关于每一时期的风格的语篇,如:
The Middle ages:The main _____ of the painters was to represent religious themes. A _____ picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of _____ and _____ for God. But it was _____ that ideas were changing;
The Renaissance: People began to _____less ___ religious themes and ______ a more humanistic attitude to life. And at this time rich people wanted to ______ their own paintings. There were two important discoveries during this period: perspective and oil paints;
Impressionism: During this period, Europe changed ______. Naturally, these changes also _____ new painting styles. Among the painters who ________ the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists. They are eager to show how light and _______ fell on objects;
Modern Art: ______ some modern art is ______; that is, the painter doesn’t _____ to paint objects as we see them with our eye. _______, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.
使学生感受aim, evident, possess, adopt, abstract,attempt,a great deal及on the one hand…on the other hand等词在具体的语境中的用法。Scott T (2003)指出:词语的呈现需要在典型的语篇中进行,这样才能有利于学习者理解词语的含义、搭配和句法分布位置等。高考《考试大纲》也明确要求“在词汇学习上,应注意在特定的,现实的语境中接受、掌握词汇,并重点注意常用词的实际运用。”所以,作为教师要强化学生的语境意识,通过语境体会词义,使他们认识到词义的多层次性。在这个环节中,本人专门设计问题,引导学生使用重要词汇解决实际问题,使他们体会在真实语境中这些词汇的用法,并且这些语境是与课文内容息息相关的,让学生感受到教材和课本内容在复习中的重要地位。
2. 结合高考例题,帮助学生准确理解,提高学生答题信心,激起词汇复习的热情
在下一个环节中,我要求学生了解一些中国艺术。如paper cut 及burning paintings.在paper cut这一环节中,先给出语篇
Paper-cut, whose designs usually focused on animals and human life, is considered as one of the signs of Chinese folk art. At the beginning, it was used mainly for religious reasons with the purpose of driving off evils while at present people use it to decorate their houses and their wealth esp. during festivals. However, as paper cut can’t attract young people, it is in danger of dying out in the future. As a result, many famous people are trying to persuade the public to protect it, holding the belief, “if we did not protect this valuable form of art, it would be a huge disaster for the whole nation”. Luckily, more and more people have been persuaded of its value and joined in the campaign. 让学生运用本单元的重点词汇和短语替换语篇中的划线词。并重点讲解了appeal to这个短语。在具体的语境中让学生自己体会和理解该词的用法,
①. Bob launched an urgent appeal for the famine victims(饥民).
②. The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.
③. The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.
④. He appealed against the judge’s decision.
然后再给出与该词有关的高考题或高考模拟题。
①. (2010安徽)--How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
--To be honest, his singing didn’t ____ to me much.
A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur
②. (2009浙江) The good thing about children is that they____ very easily to new environments.
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply
③. (2010·长春调研)The Harry Potter books ______ to readers of all ages.
A.attract B.pay attention C.appeal D.attach
使学生真正体会高考题并正确完成这些题目。在burning paintings这一环节,通过改错的形式让学生了解火笔画, 更进一步了解词汇的正确用法,避免发生错误。
3. 通过任务型教学,提高学生的综合运用词汇的能力
在本堂课的高潮环节,我要求学生通过给相关短语配上英文翻译的教学活动,回顾本单元的重点单词和词汇。紧接下来,再给出几个中文句子,要求学生翻译。最后,给出一段中文语篇关于“Amber Room”的介绍作为作业。
“琥珀屋是一件非常有代表性的著名的艺术品,甚至被认为是世界的一大奇迹,所以吸引了许多人。建造琥珀屋的主要目的是为腓特烈一世(Frederick I)的宫殿而设计的。然而它的下一任主人腓特烈.威廉一世(Frederick William I)却不想拥有它了。因此,在1716年,他把琥珀屋送给了彼得大帝(Peter the Great)。在1941年俄德两国交战时期,纳粹分子(Nazis)偷偷地运走琥珀屋。据说,从那以后,谁也不能预测琥珀屋到底被谁拥有。很明显它已经失踪了。如今,建筑师采纳了它的图片,建造了新的琥珀屋。”
总之,“得词汇者得天下”, 学好英语的关键就在于获得丰富的词汇量。然而“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”, 扩大词汇量非一日之功,如何激发和保持学生学习词汇的热情,如何保持高三词汇复习的有效性是值得我们英语教师探讨和研究的。只要我们努力发挥自己的聪明睿智, 必能使我们的词汇教学和学生的词汇学习充满灵性和灵感。只要我们能用新理念去开拓词汇学习的新方法,我们就一定能解决好词汇教学这个问题!