药物治疗是青光眼常见的降眼压措施，多个指南或共识一致推荐前列腺素衍生物为治疗青光眼的首选药物。真实世界研究(RWS)是指在真实临床、社区或家庭环境下获取多种数据，从而评价某种治疗措施对患者健康真实影响的观察性研究，RWS显示他氟前列素对原发性开角型青光眼、高眼压症、正常眼压性青光眼和其他各种类型青光眼均有良好的降眼压效果，在单药初治、换药治疗及联合治疗的治疗模式下均可降低各类型青光眼或高眼压症患者的眼压，且眼部不良反应较轻。然而目前相关的RWS还存在无对照组等局限性，未来还需要进一步研究，评估其药物应用效果。本文就他氟前列素治疗不同类型青光眼及高眼压症患者的RWS概览及在不同治疗模式下的疗效和他氟前列素在RWS中的安全性、依从性进行综述，以期为他氟前列素实际的临床应用提供一定的指导。“,”Medication treatment is the most common measure for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and prostaglandin analogues have been unanimously recommended as the first choice for the treatment of glaucoma in multiple guidelines or consensus.Real-world studies (RWS) are observational studies in which diverse data are obtained in clinical environment, community or home settings to evaluate the real impact of some treatment on patients’ health.RWS have shown that tafluprost has a good effect on lowering intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, normal tension glaucoma and other types of glaucoma, and it has mild ocular adverse effects in monotherapy for treatment-naive patients, alternative therapy and combination therapy.However, there are limiting factors for RWS such as the absence of the control group, and further studies are needed to evaluate the drug efficacy.In this article, the RWS of patients with different types of glaucoma and high intraocular pressure treated by tafluprost and the efficacy of tafluprost under different treatment modes as well as the safety of tafluprost and medication compliance in RWS were reviewed, so as to provide certain guidance for the practical clinical application of tafluprost.