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作为小说的重要叙事形态,复调由互不相融的各种独立意识、各具完整价值的多重声音组成,反讽指非直陈式的暗含否定和嘲讽意味的叙述。复调叙事结构中的空间并置形式与对话关系往往会呈现出反讽意味,复调式双声语中的讽拟体本身就是一种反讽类型。其差异在于,复调强调的是对话关系,反讽强调的是对照关系;复调强调作品中不存在统一的作者意识,反讽强调的是作者声音的隐秘性;复调赋予人物以具有独立价值的主体性,反讽叙事中的人物则是体现作家反讽性观照的对象。
As an important narrative form of the novel, polyphony consists of various independent voices that are incompatible with each other, each with multiple voices of complete value. Irony refers to non-reclusive narration of implication and irony. In the polyphonic narrative structure, the spatial collocations and conversational relationships tend to exhibit ironic meanings. The sarcasm in polyphonic double voices is itself an ironic type. The difference lies in the fact that polyphony emphasizes the relation of dialogue and irony emphasizes the contrast of relations; the polyphony emphasizes that there is no unified author consciousness in the work, and the irony emphasizes the secrecy of the author’s voice; the polyphony gives the character an independent value The characters in the subjectivity and the satirical narrative are the objects reflecting the writer’s irony.