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目的分析重庆城区中小学生月经初潮及首次遗精年龄与其父母生育年龄的相关性,为儿童青少年青春早期发育研究和健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,调查重庆主城2个区7 285名中小学生(男生3 649名,女生3 636名)的月经初潮、首次遗精年龄及其父母生育年龄。采用描述统计分析、t检验、多重线性回归等方法进行统计分析。结果重庆城区男生首次遗精的平均年龄为13.14岁,乡村男生比城镇男生早0.2岁(t=-3.016,P=0.003);女生月经初潮的平均年龄为12.43岁,城乡差异无统计学意义(t=-0.506,P=0.613)。母亲生育年龄对其子女月经初潮、首次遗精年龄影响无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);父亲生育年龄每增加1岁,其女儿月经初潮提前0.034岁(乡村提前0.019岁,P=0.024;城镇提前0.048岁,P<0.01),儿子首次遗精年龄提前0.025岁(乡村提前0.013岁,P=0.818;城镇提前0.029岁,P=0.027)。结论父亲生育年龄较大可能是其子女首次遗精、月经初潮年龄提前的影响因素之一。减少大龄产父母可降低其对儿童青少年生长发育的不良影响。
Objective To analyze the correlation between primary menarche and the age of first spermatorrhea of Chongqing primary and secondary school students and their parents’ reproductive ages, and to provide a theoretical basis for early youth development and health education of children and adolescents. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the menarche, the age of first spermatorrhea and the age at birth of 7 285 primary and secondary school students (3 649 boys and 3 36 girls) in two districts of the main city of Chongqing. Descriptive statistical analysis, t test, multiple linear regression and other methods for statistical analysis. Results The mean age of first spermatorrhea was 13.14 years old in urban Chongqing, while that of rural boys was 0.2 years earlier than that of urban boys (t = -3.016, P = 0.003). The average age of female menarche was 12.43 years old. There was no significant difference between urban and rural areas = -0.506, P = 0.613). The mother’s reproductive age had no significant effect on their children’s menarche and the age of first spermatorrhea (P> 0.05). For each 1-year-old father, the age of her daughter was 0.034 years old (0.019 years in advance in rural areas, P = 0.024; The town was 0.048 years old in advance, P <0.01). The son’s first spermatorrhea age was 0.025 years earlier than others (rural 0.013 years earlier, P = 0.818; town ahead of 0.029 years old, P = 0.027). Conclusion The larger age of father may be the first spermatorrhea of their children and one of the factors that lead to early age of menarche. Reducing older parents can reduce their adverse effects on the growth and development of children and adolescents.