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为研究地铁站乘客疏散路径选择的影响因素,用问卷调查方法,在全国7个城市对地铁站突发事件人员疏散路径选择的影响因素进行调查研究。利用SPSS软件分析各因素得分的平均值及标准差,选取均值较大的4个因素和标准差较大的4个因素作为关键因素设计疏散试验,并组织不同学历水平、性别、年龄的298名被试参与试验。结果表明,熟悉程度、通道人员密度、光线条件以及语音疏散指导对地铁站疏散路径的选择影响显著;路径复杂程度和距离出口的距离对地铁站疏散路径的选择无明显影响;安全疏散标志的影响程度与自身认知水平有关,认知水平越高,影响越显著;遇到拥堵和障碍物时人们会优先选择最先看到的路径。
In order to study the influencing factors of evacuation route selection for subway stations, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the influencing factors of evacuation route selection for subway incidents in seven cities in China. SPSS software was used to analyze the average scores and standard deviations of each factor score. Four factors with large mean and four factors with large standard deviation were selected as the key factors to design the evacuation test. 298 students with different educational level, gender and age Participants participated in the experiment. The results show that familiarity, channel density, lighting conditions and guidance of evacuation evidently influence the choice of subway evacuation routes. The complexity of the route and the distance from the exit have no significant effect on the evacuation route selection of subway stations. The degree is related to one’s own cognition level. The higher the level of cognition is, the more obvious the influence is. In the event of congestion and obstacles, people will give priority to the path they first saw.