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法治是工业社会治理文明的一项伟大成就,法治以非常经济的方式供给了社会秩序。在组织这里,由于通过规则诠释了法治的精神,因而实现了组织行为的同一性和标准化,使组织以一个整体的面目出现。然而,在法治中存在着深深的悖论,而且,法律与规则的施行,也都是以社会的低度复杂性和低度不确定性为前提的。在后工业化进程中,随着社会呈现出高度复杂性和高度不确定性的状况,法律与规则在功能实现中都面临着诸多困难。因而,从组织运行的视角看,不是求助于法律和规则的规范,反而需要赋予行动者以更大的自主性。在工业社会中,集体行动系统是以官僚制组织的形式出现的,这种组织表现出了对规则的依赖。在后工业化进程中,我们所构想的集体行动系统是合作制组织,这一组织会表现出对组织成员基于知识和智慧的自主性的尊重,并谋求道德的途径去规范其自主性。
The rule of law is a great accomplishment in the civilized management of industrial society. The rule of law has provided social order in a very economical way. At the organization level, due to the rule-based interpretation of the spirit of the rule of law, the identity and standardization of organizational behavior are realized and the organization emerges as a whole. However, there is a deep paradox in the rule of law. Moreover, the implementation of laws and rules is also premised on the low complexity and low degree of uncertainty in society. In the process of post-industrialization, as society presents a highly complex and highly uncertain situation, laws and rules face many difficulties in the realization of their functions. Therefore, instead of resorting to the norms of laws and rules from the perspective of organizational operation, it is rather necessary to give the actors greater autonomy. In industrial societies, the system of collective action emerged as a bureaucratic organization that showed its dependence on rules. In the post-industrialization process, the system of collective action that we have conceived is a cooperative organization that shows respect for the autonomy of organizational members based on knowledge and wisdom and avenues for morality to regulate their autonomy.