本文运用跨文化的比较研究方法 ,对中国少数民族传统父系家庭、母系家庭和母系父系并存家庭中夫妻的权利与地位进行比较研究。认为在父权家长制家庭中 ,男尊女卑的社会性别歧视表现在家庭生活的诸多方面。但部分父系家庭在特定条件下也有妻子当家长 ,拥有较多家政权 ,掌握经济权利 ,以及男女平等的现象。在母系家庭中普遍是妇女当家长 ,并在家庭中占有较高的地位。而在母系父系并存家庭中 ,则夫妻均可担任家长 ,家庭关系比较平等。文章最后分析了影响不同少数民族传统家庭中夫妻关系模式的多种因素 ,并对某些西方学者认为的单一经济因素作用论提出了批评 This paper makes a comparative study on the rights and status of couples in the family with the traditional paternal families, maternal families and maternal paternal families of ethnic minorities in China by means of cross-cultural comparative research. In the patriarchal patriarchal family, gender discrimination in respect of men and women is reflected in many aspects of family life. However, some patriarchal families also have wives as their parents under certain conditions. They have more political power, economic rights, and equality between men and women. It is common for maternal families to be women as parents and to hold a higher place in the family. In the coexistence of matrilineal family, then the couple can serve as parents, family relations more equal. Finally, the article analyzes many factors that affect the relationship between husband and wife in traditional families of different ethnic minorities and criticizes some western scholars’ theory of the role of single economic factors