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目的：应用光镜和电镜病理检查技术验证血管内超声显像(introvascular ultrasound，IVUS)对动脉粥样硬化的诊断。方法：以IVUS技术探测粥样斑块的位置、性质和大小，取材后进行HE、Hart法染色，用测微尺测量血管壁及斑块厚度，然后进行量化分析，辅以电镜技术观察病变的形态学改变。结果：经组织形态学观察，对照IVUS探测结果，弹性动脉是否存在斑块的符合率达94%。对照组12个血管位点均未见斑块，实验组33个位点病理发现32个有斑块，IVUS发现30个有斑块。对斑块厚度的测量二者相关性较好(r=0.835)，差异有显著性(P＜0．05)；对血管中膜厚度的测量二者亦有相关性(r=0．814)，差异有显著性(P＜0.05)；对正常血管内膜测量二者相关性差(r=0．055)，不具有差异显著性(P＞0．05)。结论：从组织形态学的验证和量化分析可知IVUS能够准确判断弹性动脉粥样硬化及动脉中膜厚度，但对于动脉内膜厚度的测量，IVUS不如病理测量准确。“,”To verify the role of introvascular ultrasound(IVUS) in diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Methods INUS was used to measure the position, quality and the thickness of the plaque in the elastic artery and biopsy materials. After using HE and Hart stains, a micrometer was used to measuse the thickness of plaques and arterious walls. And electron microscopy was used to ob serve the pathological changs of the plaque. Results By histological observation compared with IVUS, the conformable rate of plaque anmounted to 94%. The plaque could be seen in 12 sites of control group. Among 33 sites, 32 plaques were found pathologic exmination while IVUS showed 30 plaques in the experimental group. The two methods had a gcod correlation on the thick measurement of plaque and the media( r = 0.835, P＜0.05 and r = 0.814, P＜ 0.05). But they had a poor correlation on the measurement of the intirna( r = 0.055). Conclusions By pathological examination and the quantitative analysis, IVUS can obtain the common purpose in diagnosing atherosclerosis and measuring the media thickness. But it can not be used in measurement of the intima.