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目的探讨老年人劳动参与、环境支持对健康水平的影响,为了解老龄化社会中老年人这一重要群体的生理、心理、社会健康提供理论依据。方法利用多阶段抽样和同伴推动法相结合的抽样方式对杭州市老年人的人口特征、劳动参与现状及生理、心理、社会健康等方面进行调查,进而采用有序logistic模型和结构方程模型构建各变量之间的关系模型。结果老年人劳动参与对健康水平产生显著的正向直接影响,环境支持需求受劳动参与的间接影响且显著为正,而环境支持对健康水平的影响为负且不显著。结论老年人劳动参与有利于健康水平提高,老年人对劳动参与的环境支持有需求,但目前的环境支持系统还未对其健康水平提升带来显著作用。以鼓励老年人劳动参与推动健康老龄化的环境支持有必要但须进一步发挥效用,环境支持系统亟待完善,可从政府、雇主和家庭3方面加以改进。
Objective To explore the impact of labor participation and environmental support on the health of the elderly and to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the physiological, psychological and social health of this important group of the elderly in an aging society. Methods Using the sampling method of multi-stage sampling and companion-driven method, we investigated the population characteristics, labor participation status, physical, psychological and social health of the elderly in Hangzhou city, and then constructed an order logistic model and a structural equation model The relationship between the model. Results Labor participation of the elderly had a significant positive direct impact on health level. The demand for environmental support was indirectly affected by labor participation and was significantly positive while the impact of environmental support on health was negative and insignificant. Conclusion Senior citizens’ participation in labor is beneficial to improve their health level. Elderly people are in need of environmental support for labor force participation. However, current environmental support system has not yet played a significant role in improving their health level. In order to encourage older people to participate in the work of environmental support for healthy aging, it is necessary but must be further developed. The system of environmental support needs improvement and can be improved from the perspectives of government, employers and families.