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国际条约中的选择性排他管辖权条款是拼接和整合国际法的重要规则,TPP第28.4条即是此类条款。TPP是依据GATT第24条和GATS第5条成立的自由贸易区,但是开放深度和广度都显著超越WTO。TPP与WTO成员身份双重,调整领域交叠,致使TPP与WTO争端解决机构之间的管辖权冲突问题无法回避。为解决该问题,TPP第28.4条设立选择性排他管辖权条款。但是,WTO争端解决实践从未肯定过自由贸易区协定中选择性排他管辖权条款的效力。既有的国际法管辖权冲突协调原则无法解决由此引起的管辖权冲突问题。由WTO争端解决机构行使司法礼让放弃管辖权、由争议各方通过谈判解决、或设特种案件分庭进行共同裁判等三种方案是且只是权宜之策。从根本上分析,多边条约修改的难度、实践的持续发展、以及单个条约中程序规则与实体规则的不可分割性等因素要求后法优先原则在适用于TPP中的实体条款的同时也应当适用于TPP中的选择性排他管辖权条款,WTO争端解决机构应该承认并尊重TPP中选择性排他管辖权条款的效力和其所承载的缔约方程序利益。
The optional exclusive jurisdiction clause in international treaties is an important rule for splicing and integrating international law. Article 28.4 of the TPP is such a clause. TPP is a free trade area established under Article 24 of the GATT and Article 5 of the GATS. However, the depth and breadth of the opening up are significantly beyond the WTO. TPP and WTO membership double, adjust the area of overlap, resulting in the dispute between the TPP and the WTO dispute settlement agency can not be avoided. In order to solve this problem, Article 28.4 of the TPP establishes the optional exclusive jurisdiction clause. However, the WTO dispute settlement practice has never confirmed the validity of the clause on selective exclusive jurisdiction in a free trade agreement. The existing principle of conflict of jurisdiction in international law can not solve the conflict of jurisdiction arising therefrom. Three kinds of programs, such as the exercise by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body of judicial comity to give up jurisdiction, the parties to the dispute to negotiate or the establishment of special case chambers for joint referenda, are just expeditious measures. From the fundamental analysis, the difficulty of multilateral treaty revision, the continuous development of practice and the indivisibility of procedural rules and substantive rules in individual treaties and other factors require that the principle of aftereffect should apply to the substantive clauses of TPP as well as In the TPP, the exclusion of optional jurisdiction provisions, the WTO dispute settlement agency should recognize and respect the validity of the optional exclusive jurisdiction provisions in the TPP and the procedural rights of the contracting parties it hosts.