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为了进一步明确外语教学的目标、任务和内容,有必要把用本族语和外语进行的交际活动所包含的各种过程,较仔细地研究一下。 任何语言交际都涉及说和听这两个方面。在有文字的情况下,还有口头和书面之分。为了把口头语言改变为书面语言,又有一种运用语言的形式,即记录;而把书面语言变成声音的,则是朗读。当涉及不同语言时,就有了翻译,包括口头或书面从外语译为本族语言和从本族语译为外语。从外语教学的角度看,从外语译成本族语,主要难在理解,可以归入领会型的类型,从本族语译成外语则归入复用型。依据这三个因素,可把交际活动分为十个类型,现列表如下:
In order to further clarify the goals, tasks and contents of foreign language teaching, it is necessary to study the various processes involved in communicative activities in native languages and foreign languages more carefully. Any language communication involves speaking and listening to both. In the case of text, there are verbal and written points. In order to change the spoken language into the written language, there is another form of using language, namely recording, while turning a written language into a sound is reading aloud. When it comes to different languages, there is translation, including the translation from a foreign language into a native language, either verbally or in writing, and from a native language to a foreign language. From the perspective of foreign language teaching, the cost of translation from foreign languages into Chinese is difficult to understand and can be classified into the types of comprehension. According to these three factors, communicative activities can be divided into ten types. The following is the list: