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目的分析梧州市1998—2012年麻疹流行病学特征,了解15年麻疹控制和消除策略实施效果,探讨下一步消除麻疹策略。方法采用描述流行病学方法对麻疹监测数据进行分析,血清学监测采用分层随机抽样的方法进行。结果 1998—2002、2003—2007、2008—2012年3个阶段年均发病率分别为9.93/10万、1.29/10万、0.09/10万,第2、3阶段发病率分别比上一阶段下降了87.01%和93.02%。报告疫情的月份数和疫情波及的地区逐年减少,暴发疫情的频率和强度明显减弱。成人病例比例加大,但各年龄段发病率均逐年下降。2006年的儿童保护性抗体水平明显高于1999年。结论通过调整常规免疫程序,开展初始和后续强化免疫活动等防控措施,麻疹发病率明显下降,儿童保护性抗体水平明显升高。高水平的儿童免疫接种覆盖率和接种质量是当前消除麻疹的关键策略,开展强化免疫活动是消除麻疹必不可少的手段。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 1998 to 2012 in Wuzhou City, understand the effects of 15 years of measles control and elimination strategies, and explore the next step to eliminate measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze measles surveillance data and serological surveillance was conducted using stratified random sampling. Results The annual average rates of incidence in three stages from 1998 to 2002, from 2003 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2012 were 9.93 / 100000, 1.29 / 100000 and 0.09 / 100000 respectively. 87.01% and 93.02% respectively. The number of months in which the epidemic was reported and the area affected by the epidemic decreased year by year with the frequency and intensity of the outbreak being significantly reduced. The proportion of adult cases increased, but the incidence of each age declined year by year. Child protection antibodies in 2006 were significantly higher than in 1999. Conclusion By adjusting routine immunization procedures and carrying out initial and follow-up intensive immunization activities, the incidence of measles decreased significantly and the level of protective antibodies in children increased significantly. High levels of child immunization coverage and vaccination quality are key strategies for eradicating measles currently and conducting intensive immunization activities is an indispensable means of eliminating measles.