退火和正火常见缺陷有以下几种:1.过烧退火或正火加热温度过高时,奥氏体晶界会严重氧化,甚至会局部熔化,致使工件报废,这种现象称为过烧。防止出现这种缺陷的主要措施是教育操作人员切勿疏忽大意、定期校验测温装置及控温仪表。2.退火后硬度偏高高碳工具钢或过冷奥氏体稳定性高 Annealing and normalizing common defects are the following: 1. over-fired annealing or normalizing heating temperature is too high, the austenite grain boundary will be serious oxidation, and even local melting, resulting in scrapped parts, a phenomenon known as over-burning. The main measure to prevent such a defect is to educate the operators not to neglect the principle of regularly checking the temperature measuring device and the temperature control meter. 2. High hardness after annealing High-carbon tool steel or supercooled austenitic high stability