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试图从体质人类学的角度对中国女子竞技体育跃迁现象的形成机制进行探讨。我们收集了七十年代后期至八十年代中期中国、日本、美国、加拿大等国的全国性体质调查资料,分别计算了各国男女各项指标均值的差值,然后采用配对T检验的方法比较男女差值的大小,以判断中困女青少儿是否存在着体质上相对优势。结果表明:与美国相比,中国、日本女青少儿在体格发育上(体重、克托莱指标,坐高指数等)存在着相对优势。体现出东方女性的种族优势;与日本相比,除部分指标(身高、肺活量、仰卧起坐)外,绝大多数指标,中国女青少儿并无相对优势,某些指标(胸围,臂力,垂直跳)相对较弱。提示,中国女青少儿体质上的优势并不明显。文中探讨了中国青少儿的体质状况与中国女子竞技体育跃迁现象之间的机系。
Trying to explore the formation mechanism of the transition phenomenon of Chinese women’s competitive sports from the perspective of physique anthropology. We collected the national body survey data of China, Japan, the United States, Canada and other countries from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, and calculated the differences between the mean values of men and women in each country. Then we compared the differences between men and women by using the paired T-test The size of the difference in order to determine whether there are physical difficulties in adolescent girls relative advantage. The results showed that compared with the United States, there was a relative advantage in the physical development of Chinese and Japanese female teenagers (weight, Kettle, sit-up index, etc.). Compared with Japan, most of the indicators except for some indicators (height, vital capacity, sit-ups) showed that Chinese women and youth had no relative advantage. Some indicators (bust, arm strength, vertical Jump) is relatively weak. Tip, the Chinese female youth physical advantages are not obvious. This article explores the relationship between the physique of Chinese teenagers and the phenomenon of Chinese women’s competitive sports transition.