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英国是西方近代议会民主制度的起源地,也是最早创立近代资本主义立法体制的国家之一。上议院、下议院、国王共同组成的英国议会,行使国家的最高立法权。议会中的三个相对独立的权力主体在历史上相互制衡,对英国的发展做出了巨大贡献。然而,上议院的世袭和保守性似乎逐渐与民主制度相违背,下议院越来越不能忍受上议院的制约,逐渐采取措施削弱上议院的权力。这种削弱从何而来,它将带来什么后果呢?上、下议院之间的博弈与政府何干?本文拟分析上议院立法地位的削弱对英国议会立法的重大影响及它是如何导致政府最终几乎掌控立法权的后果。
Britain is the birthplace of the Western modern parliamentary democracy and one of the first countries to establish the legislative system of modern capitalism. The House of Lords, the House of Commons, and the King, to exercise the supreme legislative power of the country. The three relatively independent bodies of power in the parliament have historically checked each other and made great contributions to the development of Britain. However, the hereditary and conservative nature of the House of Lords seems to be gradually contradicted by the democratic system. The House of Commons is increasingly unbearable by the House of Lords and gradually adopts measures to weaken the power of the House of Lords. What will the consequences of this weakening come from? What is the game between the Lower House and the government? This article intends to analyze the significant impact of the weakening of the Legislature of the Upper House on the legislation of the British Parliament and how it leads to The government ended up almost controlling the consequences of legislative power.