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目的分析宫内节育器异位的成因、临床诊断、治疗和预防措施。方法对2008年1月-2012年5月进行的21例宫内节育器异位病例进行分析。结果 11例(52.38%)部分异位于子宫颈或者子宫肌层,4例(19.05%)完全异位于子宫颈或者子宫肌层,1例(4.76%)异位于直肠子宫凹陷,2例(9.52%)异位于膀胱子宫凹陷,1例(4.76%)异位于阔韧带和2例(9.52%)异位于腹腔。所有病例借助X-射线、CT、腹腔镜或者宫腔镜成功取出。结论节育器异位的准确定位、诊断和治疗需要结合多种方法,如CT、宫腔镜等。选择适宜的时机和节育器类型,遵守严格的节育器操作规程以及加强置器后的随访有助于节育器异位的预防。
Objective To analyze the causes, clinical diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures of ectopic pregnancy of IUD. Methods Ectopic cases of 21 cases of IUD were analyzed from January 2008 to May 2012. Results Ectopic cervical or myometrium were found in 11 cases (52.38%), 4 cases (19.05%) were completely different from the cervix or myometrium, 1 case (4.76% (9.52%) were located in the uterine cavity of the bladder. One case (4.76%) had heterotopic broad ligament and two cases (9.52%) had heterotopic abdominal cavity. All cases were successfully removed by X-ray, CT, laparoscopy or hysteroscopy. Conclusion The exact location of ectopic ectopic diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment need to combine a variety of methods, such as CT, hysteroscopy. Choosing the right timing and type of IUD, following strict procedures for IUD management and following follow-up after placement is helpful for the prevention of ectopic IUDs.