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中国自2008年开始实行两批中央储备与国家临时收储政策,主要是在辽宁、吉林、黑龙江以及内蒙等4省区执行,成为我国玉米价格宏观调控政策的新举措。从政策的成效来看,玉米临时收储政策有效促进了玉米的种植生产、保护了农民合理收益、稳定了玉米市场价格。从政策存在的问题来看,产生巨大的玉米库存压力和财政负担、市场有效供给与总体供给的矛盾比较突出、玉米消费不旺与玉米价格创新高矛盾比较突出、以玉米为原材料的下游加工企业受冲击较大、玉米市场的国内外价格倒挂现象比较突出、玉米的替代消费现象日趋突出等现象,是玉米临时收储政策不得不解决的突出问题。应该从完善玉米临时收储政策、推进玉米市场价格形成机制、加大扶持社会化仓储建设等几个方面入手,维护玉米市场的健康稳定发展。
Since 2008, China has implemented two sets of central reserve and temporary state purchasing and storage policies, mainly in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces and autonomous regions, and has become a new measure of China’s maize price macro-control policy. From the policy results, the policy of temporary storage and transportation of corn effectively promoted the planting and production of corn, protected the reasonable income of farmers and stabilized the market price of corn. In view of the existing problems of policies, there is huge pressure and financial burden on corn stocks. The contradiction between the effective market supply and the overall supply is quite prominent. The contradiction between the corn consumption and the record high of corn prices is prominent. The downstream processing enterprises that use corn as raw materials, Due to the large impact, the phenomenon that domestic and international corn prices have been upside down and the alternative consumption phenomenon of corn has become increasingly prominent are the outstanding problems that the temporary corn purchasing and storage policy has to solve. We should start from the aspects of perfecting the policy of temporary storage and storage of corn, promoting the price formation mechanism of the corn market, and strengthening the support of social storage construction so as to maintain the healthy and stable development of the corn market.