目前大型施工企业内部的管理体制,主要有两种基本类型:一类是二级企业法人,如各省建系统的“建筑总公司”和所辖的“建筑公司”;另一类是三级企业法人,如中国铁路工程总公司和中国铁道建筑总公司等,这些“总公司”下辖有“工程局”,“工程局”下辖有“工程处”。从总体上说,这些管理体制基本上是以适应当时产品经济的需要而设置并延续下来的。“总公司”这一级企业法人,大多数是从过去行使行政管理职能的机构演变过来的,其职能基本没有发生大的变化,是行政管理机关的代名词。这种被扭曲了的企业管理体制中存在着一 At present, there are two basic types of internal management systems for large-scale construction companies: one is secondary corporate legal persons, such as the “building company” of each provincial construction system and the “construction company” under its jurisdiction; the other is a three-tier enterprise. Legal persons, such as China Railway Engineering Corporation and China Railway Construction Corporation, have these “Head Offices” under the jurisdiction of “Engineering Bureau” and “Engineering Bureau” under the jurisdiction of “Engineering Department”. In general, these management systems are basically set up and continued in response to the needs of the product economy at that time. Most corporate legal persons at the “headquarters” level have evolved from institutions that used to perform administrative functions in the past. Basically, their functions have not undergone major changes. They are synonymous with administrative agencies. This kind of distorted enterprise management system has a