论文部分内容阅读
春秋以前的华北 ,长期为森林和草原覆盖 ,最初的产业形态是谷物生产、畜牧、渔猎、采集等多种经济并存。春秋战国时期华北的开发有两种模式 :一种是齐———《管子》模式 ,因地制宜发展多种经营 ,保存多种环境的基本面貌 ;一种是秦———《商君书》模式 ,把山林草原耕地化 ,实行“大田谷作主义”。延续至汉代 ,尤其汉武帝以后 ,“农本”主义趋于成熟 ,以“精耕细作”为内容的生产力向内延扩大的方向发展。关中的土 (土垫旱耕人为土 )是精耕细作的产物。中国“农本”主义是资源循环型的小规模经营 ,它的背后隐藏着从西北输入成家畜的系统。
North China before the Spring and Autumn Period was covered in forests and grasslands for a long time. The initial industrial form was the coexistence of various kinds of economy such as grain production, livestock husbandry, hunting and hunting, and gathering. There are two modes for the development of North China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: one is Qi-the “pipe” model, which is based on local conditions to develop a diversified economy and preserve the basic features of multiple environments; one is Qin’s mode , The forest grassland cultivated, the implementation of “Daejeon Valley of the doctrine.” After the Han Dynasty, especially after Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the “agricultural capitalism” tended to mature and the productive forces with “intensive cultivation” as the content expanded in a backward direction. Guanzhong clay soil (soil pad dry man-made soil) is a product of intensive cultivation. China’s “agricultural capitalism” is a small-scale resource recycling-type operation, and behind it is a system of importing livestock from the northwest.