目的　探讨流式细胞术测定DNA含量在鉴别反应性淋巴细胞增生与恶性淋巴瘤中的价值。方法　取石蜡包埋标本 70份 ,病理诊断为非何杰金淋巴瘤 42例 ,反应性淋巴细胞增生 2 8例。石蜡标本制成单细胞悬液 ,染色并行流式细胞术分析。结果　 42例NHL中 ,3 3例为二倍体 ,9例为异倍体 ,异倍体率为 2 1.4% ,2 8例反应性淋巴细胞增生者 ,2 7例为二倍体 ,1例为异倍体 (但该病人 1个月后病理确诊为非何杰金淋巴瘤 ,并于 18个月后死于非何杰金淋巴瘤 ) ,两组异倍体率有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;42例非何杰金淋巴瘤S期细胞比值为 (2 7.2± 18.1) % ,2 8例反应性淋巴细胞增生S期细胞比值为 (11.9± 14 .4) % ,两组S期细胞比值有非常显著差别 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　流式细胞术测定DNA倍体数及S期细胞比值 ,有助于反应性淋巴细胞增生与非何杰金淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断 Objective To investigate the value of flow cytometry in the determination of reactive lymphocyte proliferation and malignant lymphoma. Methods 70 paraffin-embedded specimens were collected. The pathological diagnosis was non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 42 cases and reactive lymphocytic hyperplasia in 28 cases. Paraffin specimens were made into single cell suspension and stained for parallel flow cytometry analysis. Results Of 42 NHLs, 33 were diploid, 9 were aneuploid, aneuploidy was 2 1.4%, 28 were reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 27 were diploid, 1 was Was aneuploid (but the patient was pathologically diagnosed as Hodgkin’s lymphoma one month later and died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma after 18 months), and the rate of aneuploidy was significantly different between the two groups (P <0. 05). The percentage of S phase cells in 42 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cases was (2 7.2 ± 18.1)%, and the ratio of S phase cells in 28 cases of reactive lymphocyte proliferation was (11.9 ± 14.4)%, There was a significant difference between the two S phase cells (P <0.01). Conclusion The determination of DNA ploidy and S phase cell ratio by flow cytometry is helpful for the differential diagnosis of reactive lymphocytic hyperplasia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma