发达的工业化国家和发展中国家都认为,发电和配电对于发展经济,提高生活水平是极端重要的。电已把许多使人们生活舒适的事物—通讯、冷藏以及充斥于每个家庭的各种减轻家务劳动的设备带进了社会。从十九世纪后期的小型、孤立的几千瓦发电厂,到今天的几千兆瓦发电厂,供电技术的改进和革命是本世纪的杰出成就之一。到十年前为止,新的供电技术的发展及其对它们的规划利用,都是以增加新建大电厂的资本,以满 Developed industrialized countries and developing countries all believe that power generation and distribution are extremely important for economic development and improvement of living standards. Electricity has brought into society many of the things that make people’s lives comfortable - communication, refrigeration, and various domestic labor-relieving devices that fill every household. From the small, isolated kilowatt power plant in the late nineteenth century to today’s multi-gigawatt power plants, improvements and revolutions in power technology are one of the outstanding achievements of this century. Until ten years ago, the development of new power supply technologies and their planning and utilization were all based on increasing the capital of new large power plants to full