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过去六十年来，非洲收到来自国际上的援助金额至少高达两万亿美元。但结果是，非洲不仅仍是全球最贫困的洲，而且很多国家比二十年前更穷。2009年，非洲女经济学家丹比萨·莫约（Dambisa Moyo）在《致命的援助》（Dead Aid）一书中指出，供给非洲的单纯的物资援助使穷人更加贫困、经济增长更加缓慢，这无疑将非洲推入了火坑。
此书引发关于“援非”的众多争议，就让我们来听听一位亲历者的感受与思考吧。
From 1971 to 1977， I worked in Zambia， Kenya， 1）Ivory Coast， Algeria， Somalia， in projects of technical cooperation with African countries. I worked for an Italian NGO， and every single project that we set up in Africa failed. And I was 2）distraught. I thought， age 21， that we Italians were good people and we were doing good work in Africa. Instead， everything we touched， we killed.
Our first project was a project where we Italians decided to teach Zambian people how to grow food. And of course the local people had absolutely no interest in doing that， so we paid them to come and work， and sometimes they would show up. And we were amazed that the local people， in such[sic] fertile valley， would not have any agriculture. And…but instead of asking them how come they were not growing anything， we simply said， “Thank God we’re here. Just 3）in the nick of time to save the Zambian people from starvation.”
And of course， everything in Africa grew beautifully. And we had these magnificent tomatoes. And we were telling the Zambians， “Look how easy agriculture is.” When the tomatoes were nice and ripe and red， overnight， some 200 hippos came out from the river and they ate everything.
And we said to the Zambians， “My God， the hippos！”
And the Zambians said， “Yes， that’s why we have no agriculture here.”
“Why didn’t you tell us？”
“You never asked.”
I was given a slap in the face reading a book， Small is Beautiful， written by Schumacher， who said， above all in economic development， if people do not wish to be helped， leave them alone. This should be the first principle of aid. The first principle of aid is respect.
I decided when I was 27 years old to only respond to people， and I invented a system called Enterprise 4）Facilitation， where you never initiate anything， you never motivate anybody， but you become a servant of the local passion， the servant of local people who have a dream to become a better person. So what you do—you shut up. You never arrive in a community with any ideas， and you sit with the local people.
And so what I did in Esperance that first year was to just walk the streets， and in the...in three days I had my first client， and I helped this first guy who was smoking fish from a garage， was a Maori guy， and I help[sic] him to sell to the restaurant in Perth， to get organized， and then the fishermen came to me to say，“You the guy w h o h e l p e d Maori？ Can you help us？” And I helped these five fishermen to work together and get this beautiful tuna not to the cannery in Albany for 60 cents a kilo， but we find[sic] a way to take the fish for sushi to Japan for$15 a kilo， and the farmers came to talk to me， say[sic]， “Hey， you helped them. Can you help us？” In a year， I had 27 projects going on， and the government came to see me to say， “How can you do that？ How can you do—？” And I said， “I do something very， very， very difficult. I shut up， and listen to them.”
从1971年到1977年，我曾在赞比亚、肯尼亚、科特迪瓦、阿尔及利亚和索马里参与过不少与非洲各国的技术合作项目。当时我在一个意大利非政府组织工作，我们在非洲设立的所有项目都失败了，我都要抓狂了。那时21岁的我觉得我们意大利人是大好人，我们在为非洲做好事谋福利。然而，我们干什么都失败。
我们的第一个项目是我们意大利人决定教赞比亚人种粮食。显然，当地人对此毫无兴趣，所以我们付工资请他们来劳作，做到这份上他们也是偶尔才会来一下。有着如此肥沃的谷地，当地人居然不耕种，我们对此感到十分惊奇。但我们并没有问他们原因，而仅仅是感叹道：“幸亏我们来了，及时将赞比亚人民从饥饿边缘解救了出来。”
当然，在非洲种的东西都长得棒极了。我们种的西红柿品质极好。我们跟赞比亚人说：“看，耕种多容易啊。”当西红柿成熟了，都变成红彤彤的，一夜之间，从赞比西河跑来两百多头河马把所有的西红柿都啃光了。
我们跟赞比亚人说：“天呐，这些该死的河马！”
赞比亚人说：“没错，这就是我们不在这里耕种的原因。”
“你们为什么不早说？”
“你们又没问过。”
后来我在读一本书时，如遭当头棒喝，书名是《小即是美》，作者是英国经济学家舒马赫。他说，经济发展最重要的一点是，如果人们没有请求你帮忙，就不要去打扰他们。这应该是援助的首要原则——尊重他人的意愿。
27岁时，我做了一个决定，只基于人们的需求提供援助。我创立了一个组织，叫“企业梦工厂”。我们不做发起人，也不激励任何人，而是为当地人的创业热情服务，为那些梦想有更好人生的当地人服务。所以我们要做的——就是闭嘴。？我们走进一个社区时不带任何想法，而是与当地人坐在一起交流。
所以我在西澳大利亚州埃斯佩兰斯的第一年只是随处在街上溜达，不到三天我就有了第一位客户，我帮助的这第一个人是个毛利人，在车库里做熏鱼。我教他把鱼卖给珀斯的餐馆，帮他筹划了他的熏鱼生意。随后就有当地的渔民们跑来找我说：“你就是那个帮毛利佬卖鱼的人？你能帮帮我们吗？”我让这五个渔民合伙运作，不是把美味的金枪鱼以60澳分一公斤的低价卖给奥班尼的罐头工厂，而是以15澳元一公斤的高价卖给日本做寿司。接着又有务农者跑来跟我说：“嘿，你帮助了他们，能帮帮我们吗？”一年之内，我做了27个项目，政府的人跑来问我：“你是怎么办到的？你怎么能——？”我答道：“我做了一件十分、十分困难的事，那就是闭上嘴，听他们说。”
此书引发关于“援非”的众多争议，就让我们来听听一位亲历者的感受与思考吧。
From 1971 to 1977， I worked in Zambia， Kenya， 1）Ivory Coast， Algeria， Somalia， in projects of technical cooperation with African countries. I worked for an Italian NGO， and every single project that we set up in Africa failed. And I was 2）distraught. I thought， age 21， that we Italians were good people and we were doing good work in Africa. Instead， everything we touched， we killed.
Our first project was a project where we Italians decided to teach Zambian people how to grow food. And of course the local people had absolutely no interest in doing that， so we paid them to come and work， and sometimes they would show up. And we were amazed that the local people， in such[sic] fertile valley， would not have any agriculture. And…but instead of asking them how come they were not growing anything， we simply said， “Thank God we’re here. Just 3）in the nick of time to save the Zambian people from starvation.”
And of course， everything in Africa grew beautifully. And we had these magnificent tomatoes. And we were telling the Zambians， “Look how easy agriculture is.” When the tomatoes were nice and ripe and red， overnight， some 200 hippos came out from the river and they ate everything.
And we said to the Zambians， “My God， the hippos！”
And the Zambians said， “Yes， that’s why we have no agriculture here.”
“Why didn’t you tell us？”
“You never asked.”
I was given a slap in the face reading a book， Small is Beautiful， written by Schumacher， who said， above all in economic development， if people do not wish to be helped， leave them alone. This should be the first principle of aid. The first principle of aid is respect.
I decided when I was 27 years old to only respond to people， and I invented a system called Enterprise 4）Facilitation， where you never initiate anything， you never motivate anybody， but you become a servant of the local passion， the servant of local people who have a dream to become a better person. So what you do—you shut up. You never arrive in a community with any ideas， and you sit with the local people.
And so what I did in Esperance that first year was to just walk the streets， and in the...in three days I had my first client， and I helped this first guy who was smoking fish from a garage， was a Maori guy， and I help[sic] him to sell to the restaurant in Perth， to get organized， and then the fishermen came to me to say，“You the guy w h o h e l p e d Maori？ Can you help us？” And I helped these five fishermen to work together and get this beautiful tuna not to the cannery in Albany for 60 cents a kilo， but we find[sic] a way to take the fish for sushi to Japan for$15 a kilo， and the farmers came to talk to me， say[sic]， “Hey， you helped them. Can you help us？” In a year， I had 27 projects going on， and the government came to see me to say， “How can you do that？ How can you do—？” And I said， “I do something very， very， very difficult. I shut up， and listen to them.”
从1971年到1977年，我曾在赞比亚、肯尼亚、科特迪瓦、阿尔及利亚和索马里参与过不少与非洲各国的技术合作项目。当时我在一个意大利非政府组织工作，我们在非洲设立的所有项目都失败了，我都要抓狂了。那时21岁的我觉得我们意大利人是大好人，我们在为非洲做好事谋福利。然而，我们干什么都失败。
我们的第一个项目是我们意大利人决定教赞比亚人种粮食。显然，当地人对此毫无兴趣，所以我们付工资请他们来劳作，做到这份上他们也是偶尔才会来一下。有着如此肥沃的谷地，当地人居然不耕种，我们对此感到十分惊奇。但我们并没有问他们原因，而仅仅是感叹道：“幸亏我们来了，及时将赞比亚人民从饥饿边缘解救了出来。”
当然，在非洲种的东西都长得棒极了。我们种的西红柿品质极好。我们跟赞比亚人说：“看，耕种多容易啊。”当西红柿成熟了，都变成红彤彤的，一夜之间，从赞比西河跑来两百多头河马把所有的西红柿都啃光了。
我们跟赞比亚人说：“天呐，这些该死的河马！”
赞比亚人说：“没错，这就是我们不在这里耕种的原因。”
“你们为什么不早说？”
“你们又没问过。”
后来我在读一本书时，如遭当头棒喝，书名是《小即是美》，作者是英国经济学家舒马赫。他说，经济发展最重要的一点是，如果人们没有请求你帮忙，就不要去打扰他们。这应该是援助的首要原则——尊重他人的意愿。
27岁时，我做了一个决定，只基于人们的需求提供援助。我创立了一个组织，叫“企业梦工厂”。我们不做发起人，也不激励任何人，而是为当地人的创业热情服务，为那些梦想有更好人生的当地人服务。所以我们要做的——就是闭嘴。？我们走进一个社区时不带任何想法，而是与当地人坐在一起交流。
所以我在西澳大利亚州埃斯佩兰斯的第一年只是随处在街上溜达，不到三天我就有了第一位客户，我帮助的这第一个人是个毛利人，在车库里做熏鱼。我教他把鱼卖给珀斯的餐馆，帮他筹划了他的熏鱼生意。随后就有当地的渔民们跑来找我说：“你就是那个帮毛利佬卖鱼的人？你能帮帮我们吗？”我让这五个渔民合伙运作，不是把美味的金枪鱼以60澳分一公斤的低价卖给奥班尼的罐头工厂，而是以15澳元一公斤的高价卖给日本做寿司。接着又有务农者跑来跟我说：“嘿，你帮助了他们，能帮帮我们吗？”一年之内，我做了27个项目，政府的人跑来问我：“你是怎么办到的？你怎么能——？”我答道：“我做了一件十分、十分困难的事，那就是闭上嘴，听他们说。”