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术后认知功能障碍是目前学者比较关注的一种手术后并发症，其中麻醉药可能是其诱因之一。小儿处于大脑的快速发育期，同时也是易损期，如有损伤大脑的因素存在，极易造成严重的认知功能障碍，并影响其学习、记忆等认知功能。麻醉药对小儿认知功能的影响及其机制是目前研究的热点。患儿年龄、麻醉持续时间、麻醉药剂量等均是影响患儿麻醉后认知功能的主要因素，但不同静脉或吸入麻醉药抑制神经功能的作用各异。“,”Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a kind of postoperative complication drawing much attention from the scholars for the time being,and anesthetic may be one of the causes.Children are in the phase that the brains rapidly develop and may easily get damaged that any damage factors can lead to severe cognitive dysfunction and affect their learning and memory ability .The effect of anesthetics on cognitive func-tion in children and its mechanism are the hot spots under studies.The age of children,duration of anesthe-sia,dosage of anesthetics,etc.are the main factors affecting pediatric postoperative cognitive function after anesthesia,however,different kinds of intravenous or inhaled anesthetics inhibit the nerve system diversely .