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选用中国农业大学昌平试验站长期定位试验中１４个不同施肥处理的土壤，测定冬小麦播种前和收获后土壤微生物态氮含量以及小麦吸氮量，探讨了不同施肥处理土壤微生物态氮含量的差异以及土壤微生物态氮含量作为土壤潜在供氮指标的可行性。结果表明：施用有机肥增加了土壤微生物态氮的数量，与不施有机肥的处理相比差异达显著水平（Ｐ＜０.０５）；增施氮肥，微生物态氮的数量也随之增加，且处理间差异多数达显著水平（Ｐ＜０.０５）；高氮情况下，施用磷、钾肥对土壤微生物态氮的数量影响不大；经相关分析，播前土壤微生物态氮含量与小麦生物量产量（ｒ=０.９１８）和吸氮量（r=０．９１４）呈显著正相关关系，表明盆栽条件下，播前土壤微生物态氮的含量可作为土壤潜在供Ｎ能力的指标之一。
14 soil fertilizers were selected from Changping Experimental Station of China Agricultural University to determine the soil microbial nitrogen content before and after sowing, and the nitrogen uptake of wheat. The differences of soil microbial nitrogen content under different fertilization treatments were also discussed. Feasibility of Soil Microbial Nitrogen Content as a Potential Nitrogen Supply Index in Soil. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer increased the amount of nitrogen in soil microbial biomass, and the difference was significant (P <0.05) compared with no organic fertilizer treatment. The amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer and microbial nitrogen increased, (P <0.05). Under the condition of high nitrogen, the application of phosphorus and potassium had little effect on the quantity of soil microbial nitrogen. According to the correlation analysis, the content of soil microbial nitrogen and the biomass of wheat There was a significant positive correlation between yield (r = 0.918) and nitrogen uptake (r = 0.914), indicating that the contents of soil microbial nitrogen in soil before sowing could be used as one of the potential indicators of soil N supply .