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利用三维建模软件建立了铁路货车车架模型。利用有限元分析软件对车架进行了结构简化,采用板壳单元对构架进行了网格划分,根据构架所受的实际载荷和约束建立构架的有限元计算模型。通过对构架进行有限元分析计算,得到构架的最大应力数值及其位置,找出车架的受力薄弱点,并对车架结构进行了改进。经过改进,降低了构架最大应力和变形量,最大应力小于材料的许用应力,最大变形也在弹性范围之内,可判断车架结构的强度是符合要求的,车架结构设计合理。
The railway truck frame model was established by using three-dimensional modeling software. The structure of the frame was simplified by finite element analysis software, the frame was divided by the shell element, and the finite element model of the frame was established according to the actual loads and constraints of the frame. Through the finite element analysis and calculation of the frame, the maximum stress value of the frame and its position are obtained, the weak points of the frame are found, and the frame structure is improved. After the improvement, the maximum stress and deformation of the frame are reduced, the maximum stress is less than the allowable stress of the material and the maximum deformation is within the elastic range. The strength of the frame structure can be judged to be satisfactory and the frame structure is designed reasonably.