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目的减少矿山开采企业噪声对机体听觉损伤的危害,使工人听力损失率逐年下降。方法随机调查某矿山开采企业389名作业工人,询问工人的职业接触史、既往史、耳毒药物史、家族史、自觉症状等,并进行耳鼻喉科检查。对389人的气导纯音听阈测试结果进行评级。结果调查对象单耳或双耳听力异常337人,异常检出率为86.63%。单纯高频段听力损失286人,检出率为73.52%。语言频段合并高频段听力损失(包括单纯语言频段听力损失)51人,检出率为13.11%。经统计分析,采矿、爆破、掘进工种的听力异常检出率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。语言频段听力损失异常检出率为13.11%。高频段(3、4、6 kHz)听力损失依次加重,听力曲线呈斜坡下降型,符合噪声性听力损失特点。爆破组第50百分位数(P50)依次为25,32.5和40 dBHL,掘进组为25,32.5和37.5 dBHL。结论该企业作业工人听力异常检出率偏高,为此,用人单位不仅要重视职业健康和安全管理工作,坚持开展职业健康监护工作,更要监督指导工人正确使用个人防护用品。特别是对于从事爆破、掘进工作的矿业工人。
Aim To reduce the harm of the mining enterprises to the auditory damage of the body and to reduce the hearing loss rate of the workers year by year. Methods A total of 389 workers in a mining enterprise were investigated randomly to inquire about workers\' occupational exposure history, past history, history of ototoxicity, family history, symptoms and so on. The ENT examination was also conducted. A rating of 389 air conduction pure tone hearing threshold test results. Results The subjects were single or binaural hearing loss of 337 people, the abnormal detection rate was 86.63%. There were 286 people with hearing loss in high frequency band, the detection rate was 73.52%. 51 language speakers combined with high-frequency hearing loss (including hearing loss in pure speech band), with a detection rate of 13.11%. The statistical analysis shows that there is no significant difference in the detection rate of abnormal hearing between mining, blasting and driving workers (P> 0.05). Language frequency hearing loss anomaly detection rate was 13.11%. High-frequency (3, 4, 6 kHz) hearing loss in turn increased, the hearing curve was ramp-down type, in line with the characteristics of noise-induced hearing loss. The 50th percentile (P50) of blasting group was 25, 32.5 and 40 dBHL in turn, and the heading group was 25, 32.5 and 37.5 dBHL respectively. Conclusion The detection rate of abnormal hearing of workers in this enterprise is high. Therefore, the employer should not only attach importance to occupational health and safety management, insist on carrying out occupational health monitoring work, but also supervise and direct workers to correctly use personal protective equipment. Especially for mining workers engaged in blasting and tunneling work.