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植物多倍体在自然界中是广泛存在的。某些植物受外界环境突变和刺激的影响,可促使其细胞核内染色体加倍,形成多倍体。 1937年国外开始用秋水仙素育出了三倍体无籽西瓜。特别是五十年代后,欧洲各国先后培育出三倍体糖用甜菜、粮食、油料、果树、林木等新品种。我国从五十年代才开始多倍体的研究,也先后培育出小黑麦、水稻、无籽西瓜和甜菜等新品种。多倍体在林木上的应用,是六十年代开始的。由于三倍体植物不能进行正常的减数分裂,
Plant polyploid is widespread in nature. Some plants by the external environment mutations and stimuli, can promote its nucleus chromosome doubling, the formation of polyploid. In 1937 began to use colchicine foreign triploid seedless watermelon. Especially after the 1950s, various countries in Europe have cultivated new varieties of triploid sugar beet, grain, oilseeds, fruit trees and trees. Since the 1950s, polyploid research in our country began. New varieties such as triticale, rice, seedless watermelon and sugar beet have also been cultivated. Polyploidy application in the forest began in the 1960s. Due to the inability of triploid plants to perform normal meiosis,