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通过野外采集、分类学鉴定及多基因组多片段相结合,对2012年版《西藏自治区藏药材标准》中“桑蒂”、“莪德哇”和“叶兴巴”3种藏药基原植物的遗传多样性进行分析研究。经鉴定它们的基原植物分别为毛萼獐牙菜Swertia hispidicalyx、全萼秦艽Gentiana lhassica和齿叶玄参Scrophularia dentata;直接测定各样品的核糖体DNA ITS区、叶绿体mat K,rbc L,rpo C1,trn L(UAA),psb A-trn H,atp B-rbc L,trn S(GCU)-trn G(UCC),rpl20-rps12,trn L(UAA)-trn F(GAA)及线粒体nad1第2内含子序列共93条;毛萼獐牙菜、齿叶玄参的ITS区存在杂合,通过TA克隆法获得60条克隆序列。将克隆序列分为不同的基因型;基于所获全部序列及近缘物种相关序列,探讨3种藏药基原植物的遗传多样性,构建了全萼秦艽的DNA条形码。该工作可为不同遗传背景的藏药基原植物物种鉴定DNA条形码的建立提供新思路及基础资料。
Through the combination of field collection, taxonomic identification and multi-genome multi-fragment analysis, the author of this paper summarized three kinds of “Santiantia”, “Curuodua” and “Yexiba” in the 2012 edition of Tibet Autonomous Region Tibetan Medicine Standard The genetic diversity of Tibetan medicinal plants was analyzed. Their base plants were identified as Swertia hispidicalyx, Gentiana lhassica and Scrophularia dentata respectively. The ribosomal DNA ITS, chloroplast mat K, rbc L, rpo C1 (UAA), psb A-trn H, atp B-rbc L, trn S (GCU) -trn G (UCC), rpl20-rps12, trn L (UAA) -trn F (GAA) and mitochondrial nad1 2 intron sequences of a total of 93; Calyx, Swertiaceae ITS section heterozygous, TA cloning obtained 60 cloned sequences. The cloned sequences were divided into different genotypes. Based on the obtained sequences and related sequences of related species, the genetic diversity of three Tibetan medicinal plants was explored, and DNA barcoding of Gentiana straminea was constructed. This work can provide new ideas and basic information for the establishment of DNA barcodes identification of Tibetan medicinal plant species with different genetic backgrounds.