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多维焦虑理论认为认知和躯体焦虑对运动成绩会产生不同的影响。根据这个理论,运动员在赛前具有较高的认知焦虑水平或躯体焦虑水平出现极端值(过高或过低)或自信心较低时,他们将取得较差的运动成绩。先前的研究还认为焦虑与运动成绩间的关系还取决于所要完成动作的特点。不同的运动技能有各自最佳的焦虑水平。总的来说,焦虑水平较高有利于完成体力消耗较大的运动项目。而焦虑水平较低时,则有利于完成精确类项目。就乒乓球项目而言,它既需要体力又需要精确性,因此,本研究调查分析了乒乓球运动员赛前焦虑水平与运动成绩间的关系。研究对象:36 名青少年乒乓球运动员,男、女运动员各18 名,平均年龄为12.28±0.74岁。研究方法:采用运动竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2C)。让运动员在参加地区赛第一场比赛的赛前30分填写问卷。研究结果:认知状态焦虑水平不能用来预测运动员的成绩。获胜运动员和失利运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑和自信心没有差异。这表明本研究没有支持多维焦虑理论的假设,或许是乒乓球运动的特点和运动员的个体差异比运动员的焦虑水平对运动成绩的影响更大。因此,如果运动员的个人特点与他们的技术风格相适应,不同焦虑水平的运动员都可能取得好成绩。
Multidimensional anxiety theory that cognitive and physical anxiety on sports performance will have a different impact. According to this theory, athletes will have poor athletic performance when they have a high level of cognitive anxiety or extreme levels of physical anxiety (high or low) or low self-confidence before the race. Earlier studies also believe that the relationship between anxiety and athletic performance also depends on the characteristics of the action to be completed. Different motor skills have their best level of anxiety. In general, a higher level of anxiety is conducive to the completion of physical exercise more expensive. When the level of anxiety is low, it is good for completing the exact category. For the ping-pong project, it requires physical strength and accuracy. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the relationship between table tennis players’ anxiety levels and their performance. Participants: 36 young table tennis players, 18 male and female athletes, with an average age of 12.28 ± 0.74 years old. Methods: The athletic competition state anxiety scale (CSAI-2C) was used. Have the athlete fill in the questionnaire 30 minutes before the first match of the regional tournament. Findings: Cognitive state anxiety levels can not be used to predict athlete performance. There was no difference in physical state anxiety and self-confidence between the winning athletes and the defeated athletes before the match. This indicates that this study does not support the hypothesis of multidimensional anxiety theory. Perhaps the characteristics of table tennis and the individual differences of athletes have more influence on athletic performance than that of athletes. Therefore, athletes of different anxiety levels may achieve good results if the athlete’s personal characteristics are adapted to their technical style.