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异质文化背景下的文学比较研究是跨文明研究的一个重要方面。传统影响研究和平行研究认为同一文明圈中的文学具有可比性,而对于不同文明之间的文学是否具有可比性则持怀疑的立场。这样看来,中西文学的比较研究则缺乏必然的合理性与合法性。只有解决异质文化之间比较研究的合法性问题,才能通过“跨越”和“沟通”实现中西文学的相互了解和认识。传统研究框架不能很好地解决这个问题,在于其理论方法囿于求同性的窠臼,而对变异性缺乏充分的认识。在跨文明文学研究的背景下,文学的可比性内涵应该包括同源性、类同性、异质性和变异性。
The comparative study of literature in heterogeneous culture is an important aspect of cross-civilization research. Traditional impact studies and parallel studies suggest that the literature in the same civilizational circle is comparable and that it is skeptical of the comparability of literature among civilizations. In this view, the comparative study of Chinese and Western literature lacks the necessary rationality and legitimacy. Only by solving the problem of the legitimacy of comparative studies between heterogeneous cultures can the mutual understanding and understanding of Chinese and Western literature be realized through “crossing ” and “communication ”. The traditional research framework can not solve this problem well, because its theoretical method is based on the homosexuality, and its lack of full understanding of the variability. In the context of cross-civilization literature, the comparability of literature should include homology, homology, heterogeneity and variability.