中国古代文学有两个最突出的特征,即:在审美习惯上的喜乐厌悲的喜剧精神和在文学功能上的劝善惩恶的教育思想。然而这两个特征历来多为读者所诟病,殊不知这正是本民族的民族性格使然,就如同影子随形一样挥之不去,更何况它确有益于人的身心发展和社会的文明和谐,应予以肯定。而作为中国古代文学重要组成部分的小说,由于其文体的综合优势,它们对中华民族优良品性和精神的传扬起到了其他形式无法替代的重要作用。文章以明清话本小说为例,通过对民族特征做进一步梳理,进而阐述了文学民族特征与社会风习始终互动、互为作用的关系。 There are two prominent features in ancient Chinese literature, namely, the joyful and awe-inspiring comic spirit of aesthetic habits and the education thought of persuading and punishing evil in literary functions. However, these two traits have always been criticized by readers. They do not realize that this is exactly the national character of their own nation, just as the shadow follows the same pattern. Moreover, it does benefit the physical and psychological development of society and the civilized harmony of society. Should be affirmed. As an important part of ancient Chinese literature, novels, because of their comprehensive advantages, have played an irreplaceable role in spreading the fine character and spirit of the Chinese nation. Taking the novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties as an example, through further combing of national characteristics, the article elaborates the relationship between the literary national characteristics and social customs always interacting and interacting with each other.