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一、国际贸易惯例的界定 国际贸易惯例是指国际贸易领域中的国际惯例,它大致包括在国际合同、运输、保险、支付与仲裁等领域中存在的国际惯例。但是,要给国际贸易惯例下一个确切的定义却不是很容易的事,因此大多数国家的有关立法只是提及惯例,而未给予明确定义。例如,《德国商法典》中规定:“在解释商人之间的作为或不作为的意义与效果时,应充分考虑到商业交往中适用的惯例与习惯”。与此同时,许多国家贸易立法也都是以“言及而不定义”的处理方式。如,《国际商事仲裁示范法》及联合国欧洲经济会制定的《关于民商事判决的管辖与执行公约》,都提到了贸易惯例的作用,但都未对其做出任何定义①。
I. Definition of International Trade Practices International trade practices refer to international practice in the field of international trade and broadly include the international practice in the fields of international contracts, transport, insurance, payment and arbitration. However, it is not easy to give a definitive definition of international trade practice, so the relevant legislation in most countries simply refers to the practice without giving a clear definition. For example, the German Commercial Code states: “When interpreting the meaning and effect of acts or omissions between traders, due consideration should be given to the practices and customs applicable in business dealings.” In the meantime, many national trade legislation is also handled in a “rather than defined” way. For instance, both the “Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration” and the “Convention on the Judgment of Civil and Commercial Judgments and the Implementation of the Convention” formulated by the UN Economic Commission for Europe have all referred to the role of trade practices, but none of them make any definition.